Prevention Cardiovascular disease

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Prevention Cardiovascular disease

• Dr Abir Youssef

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What is Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

• CVD is the name for group of heart and blood
  vessels disorders that include
• 1. Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• 2. Coronary heart disease (heart attack)
• 3. Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)

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• 4. Peripheral vascular disease
• 5. Heart failure
• 6. Rheumatic heart disease
• 7. Congenital heart disease
• 8. Cardiomyopathies

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Major modifiable risk factors for CVD are

•   Smoking
•      Diabetes
•     Hypertension
•  Dyslipidaemia
•   Physical inactivity
•      Overweight and obesity,
• particularly central fat distribution

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Major non-modifiable risk facts

•         Aging
•         Male gender
•         Ethnicity
•   Family history of premature death from
  CHD, dyslipidaemia

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Minor risk factors

•       Excessive alcohol consumption
•       Stress

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Facts about CVD-CHD

• Once clinically manifest, the disease apt to be
  progressive and often lethal,
• The patient can seldom be cured or restored to
  full function

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Facts about CVD-CHD

• Data from large multinational studies
  indicate that 30 - 40 of all individuals who
  presented with an acute coronary syndrome have
  had no prior warning symptoms to suggest the
  presence of the underlying disease.

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The size of the problem(UK)

• CHD is the single most common cause of premature
  death
• UK death rate from CHD among the highest in the
  world
• Someone has a heart attack every two minutes in
  the UK
• British Heart Foundation.
• Coronary Heart Disease Statistics.2004

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The size of the problem CVD global

• CVD made up 16.6 million, or one-third, of global
  deaths in 2001.
• Around 80 of CVD deaths took place in low and
  middle-income countries.

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The size of the problem CVD global

• By 2010, CVD will be the leading
• cause of death in developing countries.
• At least 20 million people survive heart attacks
  and strokes every year many require continuing
  costly clinical care.

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Cost of CVD

• WHO estimated 17 million people die of CVDs each
  year
• CVD affects people in their mid-life years,
  undermining the socioeconomic development, not
  only of affected individuals, but families and
  nations

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Facts about prevention of CVD

• Many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be
  prevented by
• Combination of simple, cost-effective national
  efforts and individual actions to reduce major
  risk factors.
• Action on the major primary risk factors
  unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking.
  

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Individual Strategies which are effective in
preventing CVD

• Consume a diet high in fruits vegetables, nuts
  and whole grains, and low in refined grains.
• Avoid excessively salty or sugary foods.

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Individual Strategies which are effective in
preventing CVD

• At least 30 minutes of regular physical activity
  daily
• Avoid smoking
• Maintain a healthy weight.

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How to improve cardiovascular health

• 1. The population-wide approach
• 2. The individual approach

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1.The population-wide approach

• targets the whole community
• Promoting the importance of CVD as a public
  health priority at all levels.
• Reducing tobacco consumption
• Modifying behavior relating to diet and physical
  activity

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How to improve cardiovascular health

• 2. The individualized approach
• aims to detect individuals at greatest absolute
  risk

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Action to Reduce CVD

• INCREASE AWARNESS OF CVD
• PREVENTION
• Tobacco control
• Promote healthy diets
• Promote physical activity

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Action to Reduce CVD

• SCREENING Screening service to assess the risk
  of developing heart disease
• MANAGEMENT Primary and secondary prevention in
  individuals at high risk of CVD
• RESEARCH