Spiral of Silence Theory

1
Spiral of Silence Theory

• Process by which public opinion shapes itself

2
Do we suppress our own dissent?

• Some views we share, others we dont
• Private Opinion those we keep to ourselves
• Public Opinion those we feel safe sharing
• Spiral of Silence
• We are awareness of prevailing views, plus
• we fear isolation from others, leads to
• pressures to conform our views, and
• results in reluctance to give opposing opinion

3
Did you discuss election issues?

• May depend on perception of others views
• More willing if others shared your views?
• Less willing of others opposed your views?
• Perceptions dont have to be accurate
• Awareness of others views ? self-censorship?
• If so, public opinion can perpetuate/reinforce
  itself
• True even if inaccurate perception of opinions
• If true, has important implications for society
• Can result in a squelching of free discussion
• Free discussion a cherished principle
• Marketplace of ideas key to self-government

4
Train test finds support

• Study of strangers on train
• Examined willingness to share minority views
• Those w/majority views more talkative
• People more talkative w/those who agree
• Low self-esteem ? reticence
• Males, young adults, middle classes more open

5
Spiral of Silence

• Process facilitates spiral acceleration

Less variation in opinions
Greater pressure
Illusion of unanimity
False consensus
6
Role of mass media

• Mass media can expand spiral
• Supplements/replaces senses about others views
• Provide info about views, norms
• Could dampen dissent
• Make sense? Weaknesses?