Ubiquitous Computing

1
Ubiquitous Computing

• The death of PC?

2
Ubiquitous Computing

• ubiquitous Being or seeming to be everywhere at
  the same time omnipresent.
• Mark Weiser, Xerox Parc 1988
• Computers as we know them will be replaced by a
  multitude of networked computing devices embedded
  in our environments, and these devices will be
  invisible in the sense of not being perceived as
  computers.
• Ubiquitous computing pushes the user interface
  away from the desktop and into our everyday
  environments.

3
Software Agents
Public Interactions
Mobile-Nomadic Computing
Invisible/Silent/Calm Interfaces
Mechatronics
Ubiquitous Computing
Tangible interfaces
Embedded computers
Context sensitivity
Wearable Computing
Augmented Reality
Adaptive services
Ad hoc Networks
4
Embedded Computers

• Computers are becoming smaller and cheaper -gt
• Everyday things will to a higher extent be
  computerized.
• Analogy Electric motors used to be large,
  powering several appliances. They are nowadays
  embedded in the devices and invisible, so that
  the user sees a task-specific tool and not the
  technology of motors. Computers as well as motors
  are enablers and infrastructure. (Donald Norman)

5
Invisible/Silent/Calm Interfaces

• Computers -gt Appliances
• Each device are specialized for the task it
  performs
• The user is largely unaware of interacting with a
  computing or communication device.
• Unobtrusiveness
• The focus of attention is not forced towards a
  single box.
• Dwelling instead of interacting with computers
• Ambient media Peripheral sound and light.
• No one should ever have to see a computer

6
Tangible interfaces

• Where atoms meet bits
• Tangible capable of being perceived especially
  by the sense of touch
• Hiroshi Iishi (Tangible Media group MIT)
• Graspable objects Physical WIMP
• Media blocks
• Tagged objects, barcodes, RF tags et.c.

7
Augmented Reality

• (All) aspects of the physical world can be
  correlated with (computing, communication)
  capabilities that augments the traditional
  physical aspects
• Adding Bits to Atoms

8
Mobile-Nomadic Computing

• Mobile computing
• ExtremeUser carry work context with him
  wherever he moves in the physical world
• Nomadic Computing
• ExtremeWork context travel in parallel with
  the user in the electronic world. The user
  carries nothing
• Intermediate forms

9
Wearable Computing

• Access information anywhere
• Wearable technology
• Heads-up displays
• Unobtrusive input devices
• Personal wireless local area networks
• Context sensing
• Washable computers
• Intelligent assistants
• Application Examples
• Wearable Tactical Information Assistants (DARPA)
• Remembrance Agent (MIT Medialab)

10
Context Sensitivity

• Computational perception
• Sensors that measures non traditional modalities
• Affection Rosalyn Picard
• Focus of attention
• Location
• History
• Local computing environment
• User/Task modeling -gt Context modeling

11
Ad-hoc networks

• Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANET)
• Bluetooth
• WLAN
• (Jini)
• Dynamic context adaptation

12
Public Interactions

• When computing devices become ubiquitous, the
  amount of public devices will increase.
• Computer dense environments for co-located
  cooperation
• i-LAND GMD - IPSI
• The Interactive workspace Stanford
• Local CSCW

13
Software Agents

• Software agents Software components with
• Autonomy
• Persistence
• Non trivial long term behavior
• Proactive
• Reactive
• Reflective
• Adaptivity
• Senso-motoric skills

14
Adaptive Services

• Sensors /Observation
• User
• Task
• Physical context
• Organization context
• Inference
• Modified behavior

15
Tendencies

• The Electronic and Physical world are integrated
  into one continuos space
• Intelligent software components can move freely
  in the integrated space
• The work context is configured dynamically from
  open sets of heterogeneous artifacts and services
  
• New models of interactions