Nutrition

1
Nutrition

• Folk Healing

2
Objectives

• Describe the biochemical basis of nutrition.
• Discuss the concepts of starvation, deprivation
  and hunger at the biochemical level.
• Identify and discuss the impact of social
  learning and culture upon diet.
• Describe and discuss various definitions of a
  healthy diet
• Identify the role of herbs in a healthy diet

3
Nature Cures If Given the Opportunity

• Three Pathways to Health
• Prevention
• Correction
• Rehabilitation

4
Hippocrates-harmony With Nature

• Turn away from magic and superstition
• Observe, dont jump to solutions
• Everyone is unique
• Both health and Illness follows seasonal patterns

5
Hippocrates, Nutrition

• Foods are chemicals used to make new cells
• Your entire chemistry is replaced every 2 years.
• We (Americans) eat too much
• We eat too often or infrequently
• We eat food out of season
• Foods should be classified
• Astringent, laxative, diuretic,
• Drying, binding moistening

6
If We Eat Wrongly No Doctor Can Cure Us, If We
Eat Correctly No Doctor Is Necessary Rocine-1930

• Health
• Food, Exercise, Rest, Sunshine,
• Positive Attitude

7
Food Classifications

• Vitality producers, brain, nerve foods
• Phospholipids, proteins , sulfur proteins
• Strength muscles, ligaments
• Nitrogen proteins
• Heat fat
• Fats, oils
• Carriers or eliminators secretions, vital fluid
• Carbohydrates

8
Rocines Laws

• Natures products
• NO refined sugar, chemical salt
• If God had wanted us to eat coffee and doughnuts
  he would have grown them in the garden of Eden
• Alkaline foods for the sick
• Coffee is an acid
• Salt purifies the cells of the sick
• Natural sources of salt, spinach, carrots,
  strawberries
• Natural Sweet
• Honey, fruit juice

9
Cooking Food Destroys the Natural Chemicals

• Cooking destroys needed chemicals
• Calcium is destroyed at 150 degrees
• Any thing canned/pasteurized is heated 150/62
• Steam foods, use the left over water in other
  dishes

10
Current status of Nutrients in the Food chain

• Refined foods have ½ the original food value
• What's left, sugars (starch), fats
• Soils are depleted,
• poor management, fertilizers
• Corn grown on the Navaho reservation with Navaho
  techniques had 14x the mineral content
• Part of the time You need a vitamin, mineral
  supplement

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Vitamins are organic compounds that the human
body needs for growth, health and reproduction
and to maintain normal body functions.  

• Water Soluable
• VITAMIN B1 (Thiamin) VITAMIN B2 (Riboflavin)
  VITAMIN B6 (Pyridoxine) VITAMIN B12
  (Cobalamin) FOLIC ACID VITAMIN C (Ascorbic
  Acid)

• Fat Soluble
• VITAMIN A (Beta Carotene)
• VITAMIN D VITAMIN E VITAMIN K

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Salts, Metals, Minerals

• CALCIUM
• MAGNESIUM
• IRON
• IODINE
• COPPER
• ZINC
• MANGANESE
• CHROMIUM
• POTASSIUM
• SELENIUM
• MOLYBDENUM

• Dietary omissions are more dangerous than excesses

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Dr. Bernard Jensen 1908-

• Higher up the food chain you eat
• The more resources are used per pound of
  production
• the more exposure to toxins
• Chemicals have multiple specific duties
• Deficiencies/excesses effect function then
  structures
• Potassium change in heart beatdamage to
  heart tissue
• Excess iodine change in thyroid function
  shrinking of thyroid tissue

14
How Did That meat Die?

• Hormones
• Fear
• Chemicals
• Mc Donald's,
• Only buys meat from humane slaughter house,
  grading system.
• Number of animals killed for meat per hour in
  U.S. 500,000

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You Food Pyramid
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ADA Food Pyramid
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Politics and the Food Pyramid

• What role does politics play in the construction
  of the pyramid?

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Food Law Pyramid NOT ADA
No sugar, No fat
1
Protein
1
Starch
2
Fruits
6
RAW Vegetables (fiber)
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Food Laws

• Proportions 6 vegetables,two fruits, one starch,
  one protein.
• 80 alkaline, 20 acid.
• 40 cooked, 60 uncooked.
• One Gallon of water

20
Why dont we eat healthy

• Convince
• Availability
• Expense
• Culture
• Habits

21
Protein

• The human body requires approximately 20 amino
  acids for the synthesis of its proteins. The body
  can make only 13 of the amino acids these are
  known as the nonessential amino acids.
• There are 9 essential amino acids that are
  obtained only from food, and not made in the
  body.
• Beans and rice 20 amino acids.
• All meat and other animal products are sources of
  complete proteins.

22
Antioxidants.

• neutralize free radicals, unstable molecules that
  that rob other molecules of electrons. This
  damages DNA in the cells and leads to cancer,
  heart disease, and s/s of aging

23
Phytochemicals provide free electrons

• Cartenoids anti cancer, antioxidant
• Color in fruit and vegetables
• Lycopene, tomatoes, Lutien, spinach
• Allic sulfides immune system, coagulation,
  antibacterial
• Onion family, garlic
• Phenolic compounds flavinoids
• Anti oxidant, anti cancer
• All fresh vegetables, beans and unrefined
  grains.Tea, red wine, dark beer

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Star Herbs and Spices

• High in anti oxidants
• Rosemary, sage, thyme, oregano, marjoram, basil
• Ginger, turmeric, cardamom
• Bay leave, cinnamon
• Allspice, cloves, cumin and fennel

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Clustering food

• Sum of small amounts of vitamins minerals and
  protective ingredients protective digestive
  processes

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Acid Diet

• Meat and potatoes, draws sodium, potassium,
  calcium, and magnesium to GI to neutralize
  depleting organ stores.
• Slow GI system allows putrefaction of meat with
  in the body toxins are left behind.
• Have a high fiber vegetable when ingesting meat.
• Rhubarb, cranberries, Green plums.

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Dietary Principles

• Whole Foods fresh unprocessed
• WHY do I crave Sugar, salt, fat?
• Pure energy sources
• Short cut with out digestion
• For most of us Food tastes like paper with sugar,
  fat and salt
• Get to know your GUT

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Sugar SUCROSE, I love you honey

• Effects of white sugar addiction
• Low nutrient density, disruption of stable energy
  system, cultivates yeast, decreases immune
  response
• Increased load on, pancreases, adrenals, liver
• Brown sugar, maple syrup
• Detoxify takes time, habit, decrease meat/salt

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Salt, NACL

• Extra cellular, Potassium intracellular,
• Processed salt has no trace minerals, Drives away
  trace minerals

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Fat, of the land, Cream of the crop

• Some butter is good, Butyric acid, interferon,
  viral growth, anti aging for the brain
• Olive, sesame for flavor
• Sedentary people need fats to aid digestion
• Obesity

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Know your Gut

• Individualize your diet
• Energetic and calm
• Concentration
• Digestion
• Wastes

32
Move to Stay Alive

• Activity
• Increases blood flow
• Lubrication if joints and sheaths
• Supports the replacement of bone
• Breaks up adhesions
• Increased the release of endorphins

33
Toxins

• Removed from the body thorough
• Exhalation
• Excretion
• Urine/water
• Stools/water, fiber
• Skin/Sweat/water,oil

34
What Impact does Culture have on Nutrition

• Nutrition Hurdles Handout

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Herbal Traditions

• Chinese
• Ayuvedic
• European
• Native American

36
Drugs Very valuable they buy time

• Chemical (synthetic) compounds used to alter
  metabolic processes, reverse.
• Usually symptom treatment, disease management
• Aspirin-Salicylic acid blocks pain receptors,
  resets internal thermometer, we see decreased
  pain and temperature. Not cure of cause.
• Treat Acute asthma with aminophyllin not therapy

37
Ancient Botanical Remedies

• Each remedy was chosen for its essence
• Structure, appearance communicates
• Lobelia, sack like flower, asthma
• Warty berry Thuja, for warts, anxiety
• Warts disordered explosive growths

38
Herbs Used as Drugs

• Active ingredient focus
• Compound activity is overwhelmed
• Increase in side effects just like drugs

39
Herbal Therapies

• Not a substitute for licensed care

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http//www.herbs.org/

• "The Complete Guide to Herbal Medicines
  (Springhouse). Authoritative, home reference
  book by two pharmacists.
• "Nutraceuticals (Berkeley). A scientific
  encyclopedia on 200-plus supplements.
• "The Natural Pharmacist. http//www.tnp.com.
  Consumer-friendly database on nutritional
  products.
• Natural Medicines Comprehensive
  Database.http//www.naturaldatabase.com.

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Efficacy Is Established by Western Practice

• Prescription
• Dose
• Amount, strength
• Route
• Oral, eye, mucus membrane
• Application
• Liquid, poultice, salt, powder

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1. Traditional use.

• Literature can reveal the long-term use of a
  botanical substance and can indicate relative
  safety and presumed efficacy.

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2. Chemical data.

• Herbal drugs have been analyzed to determine
  their chemical composition, especially the main
  constituents. Knowledge of these chemical
  constituents can indicate the potential activity
  and/or toxicity of a botanical, depending on the
  known range of compounds and their relative
  quantities.

44
3. Experimental, pharmacological, and
toxicological studies.

• Laboratory/experimental (in vitro) and
  pharmacological/toxicological (in vivo) studies
  are published worldwide on whole plant extracts
  or constituents of medicinal plants. These
  studies provide documentation of the historical
  or traditional uses of a plant, even though
  clinical studies may be lacking.

45
4. Clinical studies.

• In many European countries, clinical studies on
  leading medicinal plants and phytomedicines are
  conducted routinely, according to strict
  scientific controls. These studies can suggest
  and often confirm the safety and efficacy of
  herbs and their preparations.

46
5. Field and Epidemiological Studies

• . The use of a medicinal plant by a particular
  population over time is also useful when
  evaluating safety and efficacy. The Commission
  reviewed such studies, if they were available.

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6. Patient case records submitted from
physicians' files.

• Case reports from individual patients in clinical
  practice, although not considered as important as
  controlled clinical studies, are nevertheless
  useful in obtaining information from the
  experiences of attending physicians using herbs
  and phytomedicines.

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CAUTION

• Just because it comes from the ground doesnt
  mean its good for you!!
• Do not self prescribe with herbs.

49
More Caution -)

• Person with a viral cold w/ fever may look to
  ginseng root for more energy to fight off the
  cold it is a tonifying herb, in Chinese med.
• During Illness to ginseng root will hold in
  pathogenic influences.

50
Herbs
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Most common

• Celandine Generic liver cleanser
• Chamomile Claming, nerves, GI
• Fennel Heat creating. Assist digestion
• Hawthorn berry Increases GI, support healthy
  heart
• St. Johns Wart mild depression
• Valerian Nervousness, insomnia
• Time, of picking fresh herb and Water content
  effects potency

52
Chamomile

• Known since Roman times
• antispasmodic, sedative - folk medicine
• teas- parasitic worm infestations
• as a hair tint conditioner
• Oil used to flavor in cigarette tobacco
• Toxicity's contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis
  Ingestion of dried flower heads emetic

53
Peppermint 1 capsule 3-4 X/D15-30 minutes
before meals

• Perennial mint family variety of types
• Pastantispasmodic, aromatic, antiseptic
  treatment for indigestion, nausea, sore throat,
  colds, toothaches, cramps, cancers.
• Today cough, cold prep flavoring.
• May cause allergic reactions, worsen hiatal
  hernia.

54
St. Johns Wort

• Used as an herbal remedy since the middle ages.
• Aromatic perennial, found throughout U.S.,
  Canada, Europe.
• Aggressive dry weed, found in the dry ground, off
  road sides.
• Oval leaves, golden yellow flowers.

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St. John Wort (Hypericum)

• Rare side effects
• Good for use in elderly (no decrease in blood
  pressure)
• No sedative effect with alcohol
• Good for mild and acute depression
• 300 mg TID (.30/day)
• Prozac - 3.00/d

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St. John Wort, Contd.

• Tincture versus pill
• Watch out for off brands
• Pharmonex - good company
• Not a MAO inhibitor
• Reduces serotonin receptors, like an SSRI

57
Valerian

• Over 200 species.
• North America, Europe, Asia.
• Distinctive offensive odor (should stink).
• Offensive odor to some, in the 16th century,
  considered a fragrant perfume.
• Used in France, Germany, Switzerland.

58
Valerian

• Uses sedative, hypnotic properties
• PMS, sleep, nervous tension
• Dose for insomnia 2 capsules 1 hr before
  retiring , two capsules upon retiring.
• Nervous tension 2-3 capsules every 4 hrs as
  needed.
• Anxiety compared to valium.

59
Valerian, Contd

• Safe, low abuse potential.
• Some have experienced
• Headaches, excitability.
• Uneasiness.
• Cardiac disturbances.

60
Horse Chestnut Seed

• Native to Balkan woods, Asia, now grows
  worldwide.
• Uses leg edema, varicosity's, swelling,
  hemorrhoids
• Increases venous tone.
• Dose Initially 90-15 mg daily then drop to 35-70
  mg after improvement.

61
Horse Chestnut, Contd

• Reduces inflammation
• Treat whooping cough
• Fever reduction
• FDA classifies it as unsafe herb.. All members
  of its class are potentially toxic
• Esculin poisoning - muscles twitch, in
  coordination, dilated pupils, paralysis

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Ayurvedic Herbs

• Ashwagandha Increases sexual drive, promotes
  healthy sleep, rejuvenator for men
• Gotu Kola Revitalizes brain and nerve tissue,
  strengthens immune system
• Shatavari(asparagus root) female rejuvenator,
  menopause
• Amala vitamin c x 10 oranges

63
Kava Kava

• South Pacific shrub
• 60 varieties
• Black and white blades
• Pulverized root steeped with water is a a
  commercially prepared drink

64
Kava, Kava 60 mg TID for anxiety

• Folk uses treatment of inflammation of the
  uterus, headaches, colds, rheumatism, venereal
  disease
• Promotion of wound healing, sedative, aphrodisiac
• Chronic ingestion kawaism, dry flaking,
  discolored skin, reddened eyes.
• Alcohol causes K.K. toxicity

65
Chinese Herbs

• Ginseng Spleen, liver, all over slow increase in
  energy
• Astragalus(yellow vech) Immune support, GI, fast
  increase in energy
• Fo ti (Polygranum multiform) low back,
  fertility,darken gray hair
• Rehmannina kidney tonic, yin deficiency, use
  with cinnamon
• Bupleurum depression, liver disease

66
SOY lowers cholesterol, increases bone density

• Low cost, good nutritional value, versatility.
• Food programs in less-developed countries, infant
  formulas. (if milk allergy
• Fiber, protein, mineral source.
• Anticancer, alleviate menopausal ss
• prevent osteoporosis, CVD, GI c/o

67
Garlic

• Perennial, odiferous bulb
• Alliums-from Celtic word, meaning all
  burning or snarling
• Folk uses leprosy to clotting disorders in
  horses
• Middle Ages to cure deafness
• American Indian remedy
• for earaches, flatulence,
• scurvy

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Garlic - Dose 600-900 mg (kwai)

• Lowers blood sugar,
• cholesterol (12-17 ), lipids.
• Lowers BP (?PVD resistance)
• Antiseptic, antibacterial as a topical
• CAUTION
• May affect those requiring stringent blood
  glucose control
• May affect anticoagulant therapy

69
-4 GM/day

• Perennial grows in warm climates- India,
  Jamaica, China, southeast Asia.
• Green-purple flower, similar to orchids.
• Fluid extracts used since the 1500s for GI
  distress.
• China root and stem used as pesticides against
  aphids, fungal spores.

70
Ginger Root, Contd

• Used for Seasoning
• Better than Dramamine for motion sickness
• Chemotherapy induced N/V
• Hyperemesis gravidarum
• Ginger snaps/ginger ale
• Large doses CNS depression, Cardiac
  arrhythmia's. Avoid in pregnancy.

71
Native American

• Ligusticum porteri (Osha) powerful antibiotic,
  assists psychological transformation
• Echinacea antibiotic, activate WBC
• Goldenseal GI. Yeast, decreases GI
• Lomatium dissectum Antiviral
• Usnea lichen that grows on tree branches
• Saw palmetto sexual function, prostate problems

72
Cranberry (juice or tab)

• Does not let E Coli adhere to bladder wall (? by
  66)
• Also good for mastitis
• Dose 8 oz. Daily as prophylaxis
• 12-32 oz./day UTI
• 6 caps daily 3 oz. juice

73
Echinacea - 15-30 drops 2-5/Dayor 6-9 ml juice,
or 1 g. in capsule

• Native to Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri
• Native Americans, settlers blood purifier,
  rattle snack bites, for vertigo
• Early research performed on look alike
• E. pallida many side effects
• Uses Wound healing, internal stimulation of the
  immune system

74
Echinacea, contd

• Stimulates WBC
• Stimulates Phagocytosis
• The root oil inhibits leukemia cells in vitro and
  in vivo.
• Studies ongoing about anti tumor, against
  infection

75
Saw Palmetto

• Member of fan palms grows from Carolinas to
  Texas.
• History tea used for GU problem mgmt,
• to increase sperm production, increase breast
  size, to increase sexual vigor.
• To treat prostate enlargement, and as mild
  diuretic.

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Saw Palmetto (Contd)

• Side effects diarrhea with ? amt. berry
  ingestion.
• Avoid pregnant or childbearing age.
• Dose 1-2 gr. Or 320 mg extract (for prevention,
  treatment BPH, mild

• Avoid children or patients suffering from
  hormonal dependent illness other than BPH

77
Milk Thistle

• Plant is indigenous to Kashmir, but found in
  North America from Canada to Mexico.
• Black or grey-toned seeds make up thistle
  portion.
• Once grown in Europe as a vegetable, in salads,
  roasted seeds used as coffee substitute.

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Milk Thistle 200-500 mg. Silymarin daily.

• Silymarin - 200 mg cap140 mg Silymarin extract
  from seeds.
• Hepato protectant, antioxidant.
• Death cup mushroom antidote, in Europe since
  1969 (usual 50 death rate)

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Overlap

• Ginger GI, motion sickness, assists absorption
  of other herbs
• Barberry Gout, kidney stones, gallbladder stones
• Comfrey Bone knitter, clears mucus, leaves are
  astringent
• Angelica Don Gui, female energy
• Licorice GI, cortisone effects in high
  concentrations

80
Ginger Root- 2-4 GM/day

• Perennial grows in warm climates- India,
  Jamaica, China, southeast Asia.
• Green-purple flower, similar to orchids.
• Fluid extracts used since the 1500s for GI
  distress.
• China root and stem used as pesticides against
  aphids, fungal spores.

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STOP USE BEFORE SURGERY OR DENTAL WORK

• Ginger
• Garlic
• Vitamin E

82
Abuse of Herbs

• Ma huang, or ephedra..used to treat breathing
  difficulties.
• Can be beneficial to the asthmatic, or one coming
  down with a cold.
• Also dilates vessels, ? HR BPdeadly for
  cardiac pts, energy or feelinghigh

83
Food and Culture

• People use
• What they know - learning
• What is available - convenience
• What tastes good - learned
• What makes them feel good trail and error,
  cause and effect