DDC number building for shelf arrangement

1
DDC number building for shelf arrangement

• Julianne Beall
• Assistant Editor, DDC
• Library of Congress
• July 4, 2006
• Vienna

2
Broad outline

• Part 1. Elements of typical call numbers
• Part 2. Class numbers
• Part 3. Book numbers and other methods of
  subarrangement

3
Part 1. Elements of typical call numbers

• Call number class number book number (or
  other method of alphabetic subarrangement)
• Example
• 641.5972
• .B3433

4
Call number

• A set of letters, numerals or other symbols (in
  combination or alone) used by a library to
  identify a specific copy of a work. A call number
  consists of the class number and book number (or
  Cutter number).
• It may also contain other data such as date,
  volume number, copy number and location symbol.

5
Class number

• Notation that designates the class to which a
  given item belongs.
• Example 641.5972 Cooking characteristic of
  Mexico
• Used for Rick Bayless's Mexican kitchen
  capturing the vibrant flavors of a world-class
  cuisine

6
Book number

• The part of a call number that distinguishes a
  specific item from other items within the same
  class number, also called a Cutter number. A book
  number is composed of letters from the author's
  name and numbers.
• Example .B3433 for Bayless, Rick
• From OCLC Cutter Four-Figure Table

7
Other method of alphabetic subarrangement

• Instead of formal book numbers, many libraries
  prefer simple methods of alphabetic
  subarrangement
• Example Bay for Bayless, Rick

8
Part 2. Class numbers

• Broad classification and logical abridgment
• Building with tables (numbered auxiliary tables)
• Building with add tables
• Building with other add notes

9
Broad classification

• The classification of works in broad categories
  by logical abridgment, even when more specific
  numbers are available, e.g., the use of 641.5
  Cooking instead of 641.5972 Mexican cooking for a
  cookbook of Mexican recipes.

10
Logical abridgment

• The abridged number is the same as the full
  number, but shorter
• The number is abridged at a logical place

11
Abridged edition

• A shortened version of the Dewey Decimal
  Classification (DDC) system that is a logical
  truncation of the notational and structural
  hierarchy of the corresponding full edition on
  which it is based. The abridged edition is
  intended for general collections of 20,000 titles
  or less.

12
Segmentation marks (/ or )

• Records from Library of Congress and Library and
  Archives Canada include segmentation marks in
  Dewey class numbers
• These marks show end of abridged number
• The slash (/) appears in MARC records
• The prime mark () appears in Cataloging in
  Publication printed in books

13
Example of segmentation

• 641.5/6314
• The abridged number (641.5) means cooking
• The full number (641.56314) means cooking for
  people with diabetes
• Never include segmentation marks in call numbers

14
Building with tables (numbered auxiliary tables)

• Numbers from auxiliary tables are never used
  alone for shelf arrangement
• They may, however, be used alone in a database
  for resource discovery
• Today we wont be able to cover all six auxiliary
  tables we will cover the following tables

15
Tables to be covered today

• Table 2. Geographic Areas, Historical Periods,
  Persons
• Table 1. Standard Subdivisions
• Table 3A. Subdivisions for Works by or about
  Individual Authors
• Table 3B. Subdivisions for Works by or about More
  than One Author
• Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups

16
Table 2. Geographic Areas, Historical Periods,
Persons

• The following numbers are never used alone, but
  may be used as required (either directly when so
  noted or through the interposition of notation
  T109 from Table 1) with any number from the
  schedules, e.g., wages (331.29) in Japan (T252
  in this table) 331.2952 railroad
  transportation (385) in Brazil (T281 in this
  table) 385.0981

17
641.593-641.599 Cooking characteristic of
specific continents, countries, localities

• Add to base number 641.59 notation T23-T29 from
  Table 2 , e.g., Southern cooking (United States)
  641.5975
• T275     Southeastern United States (South
  Atlantic states)
• Class here southern states
• 641.59T275641.5975

18
641.59T2436641.59436 (etc.)

• 641.59436 Austrian cooking
• 641.5943613 Cooking of Vienna
• 641.5944 French cooking
• 641.59442 Cooking of Normandy
• 641.59449 Cooking of Provence

19
641.59T245641.5945 (etc.)

• 641.5945 Italian cooking
• 641.59455 Cooking of Tuscany
• 641.59458 Cooking of Sicily
• 641.595 Asian cooking
• 641.5951 Chinese cooking
• 641.5952 Japanese cooking

20
Facet

• Any of the various categories into which a given
  class may be divided, e.g., division of the class
  "people" into the categories of ethnicity, age,
  education and language spoken. Each category
  contains terms based on a single characteristic
  of division, e.g., children, adolescents and
  adults are characteristics of division of the
  "ages" category.

21
Facet indicator

• A digit used to introduce notation representing a
  characteristic of the subject. For example, "0"
  is often used as a facet indicator to introduce
  standard subdivision concepts.

22
Rule for logical abridgment

• Never abridge a number so as to leave a 0 or
  other facet indicator at the end, in the part
  following the decimal point
• Dewey numbers may end with 0 before the decimal
  point
• Examples630 is O.K.
• 630.90 is not O.K.
• 630.9 is O.K.

23
Table 1. Standard Subdivisions

• The following notation is never used alone, but
  may be used as required with any regular schedule
  number, e.g., workbooks (T1076 in this table) in
  arithmetic (513) 513.076. When adding to a
  number from the schedules, always insert a
  decimal point between the third and fourth digits
  of the complete number

24
T109 Historical, geographic, persons
treatment

• T1092 Persons
• Biography, autobiography, description and
  critical appraisal of work, diaries . . .
• Class here treatment of individuals
• T1093-T1099 Treatment by specific continents,
  countries, localities extraterrestrial worlds

25
T109 Historical, geographic, persons
treatment

• T1093-T1099 Treatment by specific continents,
  countries, localities extraterrestrial worlds
• Add to base number T109 notation T23-T29 from
  Table 2, e.g., the subject in North America
  T1097, in Brazil T10981

26
630  Agriculture and related technologies

• Standard subdivisions are added for agriculture
  and related technologies together, for
  agriculture alone
• 630.9     Agriculturehistory
• 630.92        Agricultural workers, farmers

27
63T109T24630.94 (etc.)

• 630.94 AgricultureEurope
• 630.9436  AgricultureAustria
• 630.94363 AgricultureSalzburg province
• 630.944 AgricultureFrance
• 630.94438 AgricultureLorraine
• 630.945 AgricultureItaly

28
634.9T109634.909 (etc.)

• 634.9 Forestry
• 634.909 Forestryhistory
• 634.9092 Foresters
• 634.9094 ForestryEurope
• 634.909436 ForestryAustria

29
Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups

• The following numbers are never used alone, but
  may be used as required (either directly when so
  noted or through the interposition of notation
  T1089 from Table 1) with any number from the
  schedules, e.g., civil and political rights (
  323.11 ) of Navajo Indians ( T59726 in this
  table) 323.119726 ceramic arts ( 738 ) of Jews
  ( T5924 in this table) 738.089924 . They may
  also be used when so noted with numbers from
  other tables, e.g., notation T2174 from Table 2

30
Table 5. Ethnic and National Groups (2)

• Except where instructed otherwise, and unless it
  is redundant, add 0 to the number from this table
  and to the result add notation T21 or T23-T29
  from Table 2 for area in which a group is or was
  located, e.g., Germans in Brazil T531081 , but
  Germans in Germany T531 Jews in Germany or
  Jews from Germany T5924043

31
305.805-305.89 Specific ethnic and national
groups

• Add to base number 305.8 notation T505-T59
  from Table 5, e.g., comprehensive works on Jews
  305.8924, Chinese 305.8951, Chinese Australians
  305.8951094, Inuit 305.89712
• 305.8T59510T294 305.8951094

32
305.8T531 (etc.)

• 305.831 Germans
• 305.835 Swiss
• 305.836 Austrians
• 305.841 French
• 305.851 Italians

33
305.8T5410T2494305.8410494

• 305.835 Swiss
• 305.836 Austrians
• 305.841 French
• 305.8410494 French-speaking Swiss
• 305.851 Italians
• 305.8510494 Italian-speaking Swiss

34
830.1-838  Subdivisions of German literature

• Add to base number 83 as instructed at beginning
  of Table 3, e.g., a collection of German
  literature 830.8
• T3B08  Collections of literary texts in more
  than one form
• 83T3B08830.8

35
Table 3B. Subdivisions for Works by or about More
than One Author

• T3B08  Collections of literary texts in more
  than one form
• T3B09  History, description, critical
  appraisal of works in more than one form
• 830.8 German literaturecollections
• 830.9 German literaturehistory and criticism

36
830.1-838  Subdivisions of German literature

• Add to base number 83 as instructed at beginning
  of Table 3, e.g., a collection of German
  literature 830.8
• PERIOD TABLE
• . . . . .
• 912 1900-1945
• 914 1945-1990
• 92 1990-

37
Table 3A. Subdivisions for Works by or about
Individual Authors

• T3A1              Poetry
• T3A11-T3A19      Poetry of specific
  periods
• Add to T3A1 notation from the period table for
  the specific literature in 810-890, e.g.,
  earliest period T3A11 do not add standard
  subdivisions

38
83T3A1912831.912 (etc.)

• Specific literature (German) specific form
  (poetry) literary period (1900-1945) (etc.)
• 831.912 German poetry1900-1945
• 831.914 German poetry1945-1990
• 831.92 German poetry1990-

39
598 Aves (Birds)

• Class here land birds, ornithology
• Add as instructed under 592-599

40
Add table at 592-599
41
592-599  Specific taxonomic groups of animals

• Except for modifications shown under specific
  entries, add to each subdivision identified by
  as follows
• 1 General topics of natural history of animals
• Add to base number 1 the numbers following 591
  in 591.3-591.7, e.g., beneficial animals 163
• 5981591.63598.163

42
1 as facet indicator

• In the add table at 592-599, 1 introduces the
  facet General topics of natural history of
  animals
• Never abridge a number built using this add table
  with the facet indicator 1 at the end of the
  number after the decimal point
• 1 is also used as facet indicator elsewhere in
  life sciences (570-590) and in music (780)

43
5981591.63598.163

• 591 Specific topics in natural history of
  animals
• 591.6 Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of
  animals
• 591.63 Beneficial animals

44
5981591.38598.138 (etc.)

• 598.138 Birdsevolution
• 598.139 Baby birds
• 598.1468 Eggsbirds
• 598.15 Behaviorbirds
• 598.156 Life cyclebirds
• 598.1564 Birds' nests
• 598.1568 Migratory birds
• 598.176 Aquatic birds

45
338.4  Secondary industries and services

• 338.47001-338.47999 Subdivisions for products
  and services
• Add to base number 338.47 notation 001-999,
  e.g., gasoline production industry
  338.4766553827, tourist industry 338.4791 . . . .

46
338.47004338.47004 (etc.)

• 338.47004 Computer industry
• 338.47004678 Internet industry
• 338.470705 Publishing industry
• 338.47374013  Adult vocational education
  and training services industry

47
338.476151338.476151 (etc.)

• 338.476151 Drugs (Pharmaceuticals)
  industry
• 338.476205 Nanotechnology industry
• 338.47621381 Electronic equipment industry
• 338.4762382 Shipbuilding industry

48
338.47624338.47624 (etc.)

• 338.47624 Construction industry
• 338.4764794 Hotel industry
• 338.4764795 Food services industry
• 338.4766 Chemical industries
• 338.476621 Fireworks industry

49
338.47664853338.47664853 (etc.)

• 338.47664853 Frozen vegetables industry
• 338.476649 Meat processing industry
• 338.4766492 Beef processing industry
• 338.4766493 Chicken (Meat) processing
  industry

50
338.47666338.47666 (etc.)

• 338.47666 Ceramics industry
• 338.476691 Iron industrymetallurgy
• 338.47669142 Steel industrymetallurgy
• 338.47674 Lumber industry
• 338.47674142 Hardwood lumber industry
• 338.4767483 Composite woods industry

51
Part 3. Book numbers and other methods of
subarrangement

• All methods of subarrangement are optional and
  not part of DDC proper
• Many different methods of subarrangement are used
  in Dewey libraries
• In a very few places in the DDC there are
  instructions for subarrangementbut they are
  optional

52
Arrange alphabetically

• Rare instruction in DDC
• Always optional
• 006.74 Markup languages
• Arrange alphabetically by name of language,
  e.g., XML
• 006.74
• .X6

53
Arrange chronologically

• Rare instruction in DDC
• Optional
• 796.98 Winter Olympic games
• Arrange specific games chronologically
• 796.98
• 2006

54
Individual biographies

• Arrange alphabetically by name of biographee
• Example biography of forester Emile Grandjean
• 634.9092
• .G764

55
Double Cuttering

• If you use Cutter numbers to arrange
  alphabetically by topic (e.g., name of
  biographee), you may then add a second Cutter
  number for the authors name.
• As with all forms of subarrangement, double
  Cuttering is not part of DDC proper

56
Example of double Cuttering

• Biography of forester Emile Grandjean
• Grandjean man of the forests
• By Gordon S. Bowen
• 634.9092
• .G764B6754

57
Dewey Cutter Program

• http//www.oclc.org/dewey/support/program/default.
  htm
• Free download
• OCLC Four-Figure Cutter Tables
• Compatible with Cutter Three-Figure Author Table
• Compatible with Cutter-Sanborn Three-Figure
  Author Table

58
Dewey Cutter Program
59
Cutter Four-Figure Table examples

• Sa565 (Sanders, Margaret)
• Sch721 (Schreiber, Albert)
• Sch723 (Schreiber, John)
• Sch7243 (Schreiber, Nancy)
• Sch7247 (Schreiber, Robert)
• Sch725 (Schreiber, William)
• St835 (Streeter, Joan)

60
Cutter-Sanborn Four-Figure Table examples

• S2156 (Sanders, Margaret)
• S3781 (Schreiber, Albert)
• S3783 (Schreiber, John)
• S37843 (Schreiber, Nancy)
• S37845 (Schreiber, Robert)
• S37847 (Schreiber, William)
• S9154 (Streeter, Joan)

61
Other methods of alphabetic subarrangement

• Many libraries use all or part of an authors
  name for alphabetic subarrangement

62
Example of another method of alphabetic
subarrangement

• Sanders
• Schreiber, A
• Schreiber, J
• Schreiber, N
• Schreiber, R
• Schreiber, W
• Streeter

63
Resources and links (1)

• ddc-deutsch
• http//www.ddc-deutsch.de/
• Dewey Cutter Program
• http//www.oclc.org/dewey/support/program/default.
  htm

64
Resources and links (2)

• Comaromi, John P. Book numbers a historical
  study and practical guide to their use.
  Littleton, Colo. Libraries Unlimited, 1981
• Lehnus, Donald J. Book numbers history,
  principles, and application. Chicago American
  Library Association, 1980

65
Resources and links (3)

• Online DDC Catalogs
• http//www.oclc.org/dewey/about/worldwide/default.
  htm