Air Pollution and GIS

1
Air Pollution and GIS

• GEOG 4650/5650
• Spring 2009

2
ALOHA and Extension

• Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres
  atmospheric dispersion model used for evaluating
  release of hazardous chemical vapors.
• Downloaded from http//www.epa.gov/ceppo/cameo/alo
  ha.htm
• ArcGIS and ALOHA download dll from
• Google Aloha for ArcGIS then download the
  extension and install it.
• Ok, you may encounter tech difficulties now..
  Lets figure out the solutions..

3
TRI

• Toxic Release Inventory, http//www.epa.gov/tri/
• EPA database containing information on toxic
  chemical releases by industry
• Click map Search TRI Site on the right.
• On the map, click TN, the you will go to
• 2006 State Fact Sheet, and the then move cursor
  on top of Putnam County and you will find out
  Putnam County put out 42,300 lbs of toxic
  materials in 2006.
• Now, 3 drop-down list will appear
• TRI Chemicals, TRI Facility and TRI Industries
• Click TRI Chemicals you will find
• 13,300 lbs of Toluene released from Point Source
  Air Emission was reported in 2006. and
• 29,000 N-Butyl Alcohol in 2006.

4
Select TRI Chemicals -
5
Air Emission

• Fugitive Air Emission - are all releases to air
  that are not released through a confined air
  stream. Fugitive emissions include equipment
  leaks, evaporative losses from surface
  impoundments and spills, and releases from
  building ventilation systems.
• Point Source Air Emission
• Stack or point source air emissions occur
  through confined air streams such as stack,
  vents, ducts, or pipes

6
TRI Facilities

• Find out what chemical was released from which
  facility and their addresses..
• Click Adams USA you will get address, phone
  number and even the lat/long information

7
Geocoding, not again

• Since we have addresses of these two locations,
  we need to create points to locate the factory.
• Copy Streets.shp to your own folder,
• The Streets.shp is in StatePlane83.
• You may want to create a personal geodatabase
  TRI.mdb and store all your data layers in
  TRI.mdb -- so import Streets.shp to
  TRI.mdb (save as PutnamStreet)
• Start ArcMap and add Streets.shp to layers and
  start geocoding process.

8
Did you forget how to geocode?

• If yes, then follow the following instructions
• ArcCatalog New Address Locator US Street with
  Zone PutnamAddressLocator (name)
• Reference data (select PutnamStreet)
• Back to ArcMap and select Tools Geocoding
  Geocode Address, then add the Address Locator you
  just created inside of ArcCatalog.
• Make sure you have Address Table ready, if not,
  please use Excel or Notepad to create one.
• Confirm the output location and file name.
• Then, start the process of geocoding.

9
HazDat

• Hazardous Substance Release and Health Effects
  Database
• ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
  Registry.
• http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/Hazdat.html
• A-Z Index
• Toluene Create Map, showing the presence of
  toluene in the U.S.

10
Select Tennessee from All State dropdown list.
It may take a while to load the page. While
reviewing the map of the US, you may find Putnam
county doesnt have dot on it However, you may
look for it on County list (try Putnam and
Davidson),
11
HazDat.

• On the lower half of the screen, you will find
  there are 4 sites in Tennessee identified
  containing toluene
• Click Tennessee Products and find out the
  detailed information about this location.
• This is a NPL site (see next slide), there is a
  publication about this site.

12
NPL

• National Priority List - The list prioritizes the
  known releases or threatened releases of
  hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants
  throughout the United States and its territories.
  The NPL is intended primarily to guide the EPA in
  determining which sites warrant further
  investigation

13
Toluene- toxicity info

• Like many organic solvents, toluene is a
  respiratory tract irritant, particularly at high
  airborne concentrations. Persons with underlying
  respiratory tract disorders, such as asthma and
  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or
  reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), can
  experience bronchospasm on exposure to any
  irritant, including toluene. Because toluene
  accumulates in adipose tissues, persons who are
  obese tend to retain more toluene than persons of
  normal weight, but the clinical significance of
  this is unknown

14
ALOHA

• Start ALOHA from your computer.
• Select Site Data Location and select
  Cookeville from the location list.
• If you dont see the city name, you may Add to
  the list.
• Go to Setup Chemical and click Toluene and
  select.

15
Toxicity Level

• ERPG 1 The maximum airborne concentration below
  which it is believed that nearly all individuals
  could be exposed for up to 1 hour without
  experiencing other than mild transient adverse
  health effects or perceiving a clearly defined,
  objectionable odor.
• ERPG 2 The maximum airborne concentration below
  which it is believed that nearly all individuals
  could be exposed for up to 1 hour without
  experiencing or developing irreversible or other
  serious health effects or symptoms which could
  impair an individual's ability to take protective
  action.
• ERPG 3 The maximum airborne concentration below
  which it is believed that nearly all individuals
  could be exposed for up to 1 hour without
  experiencing or developing life-threatening
  health effects.
• IDLH The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
  (IDLH)
• The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), also called the
  Lower Flammability Limit, is the minimum
  concentration of fuel in the air needed for a
  fire or an explosion to occur if an ignition
  source is present.

16
Atmospheric Conditions

• Extreme condition?

17
Inversion/Stability

• Inversion temperature of air increases with
  altitude.

18
Direct Source

• Instantaneous Source vs. Continuous Sources.
• Calculation of Rates
• Total of 13,300 lbs released in
• 2 times, for 2 hours

19
Display

• Red Orange Yellow zones

20
Result

• Zone
• Try 13,300 lbs/hr

21
Footprint in ArcMap

• Click ALOHA icon on toolbar,
• Enter latitude and longitude of the Adams USA
  (36.148176, -85.500778). Then,
• Find ALOHA footprint file in c\Program
  Files\ALOHA\ALO_CLP.pas and