Land Plants fall into two major groups

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Land Plants fall into two major groups
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• Non vascular
• Vascular

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Non-Vascular Plants
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• Lack vascular tissue
• Very small
• Known as the bryophytes

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The Bryophytes
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Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
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Mosses
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• True mosses
• Sphagnum (Peat) mosses
• Granite mosses

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True Mosses
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• Consists of structures resembling leaves stems
  and roots

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True Mosses
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• Leaves have no veins
• Stems have no vascular tissue

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True Mosses
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• Reproduces by spores
• Produced in a capsule

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True Mosses The Sporophyte
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• When operculum is shed peristome teeth are
  exposed
• Peristome regulates spore dispersal

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Mosses
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• True mosses
• Sphagnum (Peat) mosses
• Granite mosses

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Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses
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• Grow in Bogs
• Bogs may cover huge areas

• Moss absorbs water
• Water is acidified by the moss

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Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses
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• Unique leaf structure allows leaves to absorb
  large quantities of water

• Moss absorbs water
• Water is acidified by the moss

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Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses
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• Unique leaf structure allows leaves to absorb
  large quantities of water

• Moss absorbs water
• Water is acidified by the moss

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Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses
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• Thick deposits of partially decomposed moss
  accumulates

• Deposits are known at Peat

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Sphagnum and Peat are Harvested for Agriculture
and Fuel
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Acid pH and capacity for water retention make
sphagnum a popular soil amendment
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Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses
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• Peat has been harvest for centuries and burned
  for fuel

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Bodies buried in Sphagnum Bogs are well preserved
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• Acid/anoxic environment retards bacterial growth

Short video Mummies Frozen in Time
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Land Plants fall into two major groups
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• Non vascular
• Vascular

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Vascular Plants
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• Vascular tissue
• Some are seedless
• Others produce seeds

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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Whisk Ferns
Club/Spike Mosses
Horsetails
Ferns
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Whisk Ferns
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Whisk Ferns
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• Dichotomous branching stems

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Whisk Ferns
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• No roots underground rhizome only

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Whisk Ferns
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• No leaves- stem appendages are called enations

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Whisk Ferns
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• Sporangia attached laterally on stem

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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Whisk Ferns
Club/Spike Mosses
Horsetails
Ferns
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Plants with leaves have either microphylls or
megaphylls
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• Microphylls have a single vascular strand
• Megaphylls have a network of vascular strands

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Club and Spike Mosses
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• Stems, roots and leaves
• Leaves are microphylls

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Club and Spike Mosses
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• Sporangia produced in axils of leaves

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Club and Spike Mosses
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• Sporangia produced in axils of leaves

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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Whisk Ferns
Club/Spike Mosses
Horsetails
Ferns
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Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
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Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
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• Stems jointed
• Branches whorled around stem

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Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
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• Stems ribbed
• Silica in cells of the epidermis

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Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
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• Leaves small
• Reduced megaphylls
• Whorled at nodes
• Underground rhizome with Roots

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Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
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• Spores produced in terminal strobilous

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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Whisk Ferns
Club/Spike Mosses
Horsetails
Ferns
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Ferns
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Ferns show great diversity of form
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Ferns have megaphylls
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Young fern megaphylls are called fiddleheads
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Fern stems grow vertically or horizontally
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Spores are produced on underside of megaphylls
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Spores are produced in clusters called Sori
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Sori of many ferns are covered by an indusium
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Sori of many ferns are covered by an indusium
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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PLANT ROOTS STEMS LEAVES SPORANGIA
Whisk Ferns None Dichotomous branching None Lateral
Club/Spike Mosses Yes Yes Microphyll Axil of microphyll
Horsetails Yes Ribbed and Jointed Reduced megaphyll Terminal strobilous
Ferns Yes Vertical or horizontal Megaphyll Underside of megaphyll