Presentation Technology

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Presentation Technology

• From the Early Days to the Present

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The Chalkboard

• During the 1930s NCSU had a professor (L. O.
  Armstrong) who had a national reputation for
  chalkboard work. He even published pamphlets on
  how to properly use the chalkboard and was
  featured in various publications. He was a
  skilled artisan.

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Using the Chalkboard/Whiteboard

• Write large and legible
• Write material in advance and cover it with the
  screen
• Have a member of the audience write on the
  chalkboard as you lecture
• Dont teach to the board
• After writing one sentence turn and face the
  audience before continuing.

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The Flip Chart

• Advantages
• Portable
• Inexpensive
• Notes can be prepared in advance
• Good for brainstorming and strategic planning
  activities
• Can be a change of pace

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The Slide Projector

• Advantages
• Audience perceives slides as "more professional"
  than overheads
• Slides can be used to focus attention
• Slide on screen to focus attention on visual
• Blank or black slide to focus attention on
  speaker
• Slides and projectors easy to store and transport
  
• Overlays can be used to simplify complex
  information

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The Slide Projector

• Disadvantages
• No face to face contact with audience since room
  usually darkened
• Projector at back of room away from speaker
• Not effective in a fully-lighted room
• No ability to modify slides and sequence during
  presentations
• Longer lead time (2 to 5 days) for preparation of
  slides
• Cost ??

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Slide Projector Survival Tips

• Extension Cord Carry one with you.
• Ungrounded Plug Adapter - Some rooms do not have
  three-prong grounded outlets.
• Spare Bulb - A spare bulb is always good
  insurance. Make sure you know how to change the
  bulb in case it burns out during your
  presentation.
• Coin - Slides sometimes warp or get stuck in the
  projector. The only way to resolve this is to
  take the tray off using a screw driver or a coin
  in the slot in the middle of the tray. Be sure
  however, that the plastic lock ring is on your
  tray before you remove the tray to prevent
  dumping slides on the floor.

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More Slide Survival Tips

• Spare Slide Tray - Sometimes a tray will become
  damaged on the projector. The solution is to move
  the slides to an undamaged tray.
• Numbered Slides - Numbering your slides in the
  upper right hand corner will provide assurance
  that you can put the slides back in the tray in
  order if they spill out or get stuck.

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The Opaque Projector
The Opaque Projector projects actual images of
objects on the screen.

• Disadvantages
• Machines were massive in size
• Could only show thin items

• Advantages
• Good for showing actual objects such as pages out
  of a book

These are rare, but if you see one, you will know
what it is!
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The Overhead Projector

• Transmissive projectors have the light source
  (bulb) in the base of the machine. The light is
  projected up through the glass stage of the
  projector, through a lens in the projector's head
  and then onto a projection screen.

• The light source for reflective projectors is in
  the head of the projector. The light shines down
  onto a reflective stage, and then reflects back
  up through the lens and onto a screen.

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The Overhead Projector

• Transmissive projectors are usually brighter and
  the images are typically sharper, but they tend
  to be larger and heavier.

• If you want portability and will be only using
  transparency film, then a reflective projector is
  a good choice because they tend to be smaller and
  lighter in weight.

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Factors to consider in Overheads

• Lumens
• A projector's brightness is measured in lumens.
  Levels range from 1,700 to 11,000 lumens. The
  type of image you are going to display
  (black/white or color), how you intend to project
  your image (transparency film or LCD panel), and
  the brightness of the room will dictate the
  desired brightness. If the projector will be used
  with an LCD projection panel, at least 4,000
  lumens is recommended.

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Using the Overhead

• Use a professional program such as PowerPoint to
  prepare your overhead transparencies.
• Use color if at all possible.
• Use a sheet of paper (under the transparency) to
  reveal information as you proceed.
• While make a presentation, read from the
  overhead, not from the screen. This way you
  remain facing the audience.
• Be careful not to stand blocking the image or in
  someones line of sight.

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LCD Panels

• A LCD panel is a device that sits on the stage
  of an overhead projector and is connected to a
  computer. The computer image (such as a
  PowerPoint presentation) is transmitted to the
  LCD panel which then projects the image through
  the overhead projector.
• These are antiques, but if you ever see one, you
  will know what it is.

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Visual Presenter

• Replaced the Opaque Projector
• Can project documents, objects, etc.
• Commonly called an Elmo because of a name brand
  that is widely used

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Television

• In order to project a PowerPoint presentation
  on a television, a scan converter is needed.
• This connects the computer to the television
  through a converter device.
• AVerKey is a commonlyused brand of scan
  converter.

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Video Projectors

• Also called data projectors, LCD projectors, DLP
  projectors (in the Netherlands they are called
  Beamers)

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Factors to Consider in Selecting a Video Projector

• Native Resolution
• Get a projector that matches the native
  resolution of the computer you will be using for
  presentations
• SVGA (800 x 600)
• XGA (1024 x 768)
• SXGA (1280 x 1024)

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Factors

• Lamp Type 
• The two most common lamp types are Metal Halide
  and UHP ("Ultra-High Performance") lamps.
• With Metal Halide lamps, the bulb tends to
  diminish in quality over time, with a loss of
  brightness and shift in color as the lamp ages.
• UHP lamps--introduced by Philips--tend to retain
  their quality until the end of their useful life.
  
• You'll also want to pay attention to the listed
  lamp life for the projector (and cost some
  lamps cost 300)

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Factors

• Lumens Rating 
• The higher the lumens, the brighter. Therefore,
  higher lumen machines can be used in rooms with
  more light.
• The range should be 1,000 to 3,000. It is not
  uncommon to find projectors in the 600-800 Lumen
  range. They are marginal for general use.

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Factors

• Trueness of Color Adjustments 
• Trueness of color is also one of the significant
  differences between two major types of
  projectors LCD, for "Liquid Crystal Display", or
  DLP, for "Digital Light Processing".
• DLP projectors tend to be very bright, and they
  have become popular for smaller, lighter,
  "ultra-portable" projectors. To produce a color
  image, DLP projectors reflect a light through a
  rapidly spinning color wheel, which can lead to a
  slight flickering of color and sometimes to an
  unnatural color appearance.
• LCD projectors often do slightly better with
  color, but they tend to shift the color a bit
  towards the blue range, and some significantly
  so. 

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Factors

• Adjustments
• The two most significant adjustments on the
  projector are focus and zoom. Some projectors
  have a manual focus and a manual zoom, in which
  you rotate two rings around the lens--one to
  sharpen the image, and the other to change the
  size of the image.
• Other projectors have motorized zoom and focus
  controls, allowing you to perform those
  operations using buttons on the projector itself
  or using the projector's remote control.
• Keystone adjustments are also nice.

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Factors

• Inputs on the Projector 
• In general, LCD projectors should have sufficient
  inputs to connect several AV devices to them.
  Projectors usually come with two computer inputs
  (RGB1 and RGB2), one or two video inputs
  (composite video for VCR, component video for
  DVD), and an S-Video input for a document camera
  or other devices.

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Factors

• Sound Capability 
• Projectors often come with their own built-in
  speakers--with sufficient output to hear the
  sound in a small-sized room, but definitely not
  sufficient for a larger room. Typical mid-range
  projectors come with two- to three-watt stereo
  speakers your typical low-end desktop computer
  speakers come in the five-watt range, and a good
  set of external powered speakers for computer
  audio tend to run in the 20-watt range.

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Factors

• Remote Control 
• How easy is the remote control to use?
• Size
• How big do you want the device to be (3-7 pounds
  are common ranges today)
• Cost
• You can purchase a very good projector today for
  2,000.

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Electronic White Boards

• An electronic whiteboard is just like the
  familiar white dry-erase board except it
  digitally captures what is written on its
  surface. It saves all the information you're
  writing in an electronic format. It does so by
  using a PC and software program.
• This is accomplished by
• Sensors embedded in the surface
• Using special pens that have a collar that is
  recognized by lasers fixed on one edge of the
  board.
• Ultrasonic sound waves

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Electronic White Boards

• What is written on the boardis saved as a file
  that can then be printed, e-mailed, posted on
  the web, etc.
• Some white boards have special magnetic templates
  that can be mounted on the board and can be used
  to control a computer. Thus you can demonstrate
  how to use Word, PowerPoint,etc. while standing
  at the board and tapping on the template.

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Electronic White Boards

• Most electronic white boards sell in the
  1,000-2,000 range.
• There are add on devices that one can use to
  convert a standard white board to an electronic
  whiteboard.
• Mimio and E-beam are two popular brands
• The cost is in the 500 neighborhood.

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Audience Response Systems

• Clickers allow audience members to respond to
  questions that are incorporated into PowerPoint
  presentations.
• Research shows thatstudents learn more because
  they are more deeply involved in the
  teaching-learning process.

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Clickers

• Two of the major supplies of clickers are
• eInstruction
• Turning Technologies

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Remote Mouse

• A real professional presenter will use a remote
  mouse.
• A receiving unit plugs into the USB port
• RF (Radio Frequency) Technology is used today.
  Therefore you dont have to point the device at a
  receiving unit (IR Infrared technology)
• Cost range around 50.