Presentation Plus

1
Section 1-1
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
After the Civil War, millions of immigrants from
Europe and Asia settled in the United States.
Key Terms and Names

• steerage

• nativism
• Chinese Exclusion Act

• Ellis Island
• Jacob Riis
• Angel Island

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Section 1-5
Europeans Flood Into the United States

• By 1900, eastern and southern Europeans made up
  more than half of all immigrants.

• Of the 14 million immigrants who arrived between
  1860 and 1900, many were European Jews.

(pages 336339)
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Section 1-6
Europeans Flood Into the United States (cont.)

• America offered immigrants employment, few
  immigration restrictions, avoidance of military
  service, religious freedom, and the chance to
  move up the social ladder.

• Most immigrants took the difficult trip to
  America in steerage, the least expensive
  accommodations on a steamship.
• The 14-day trip usually ended at Ellis Island, a
  small island in New York Harbor.

(pages 336339)
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Section 1-7
Europeans Flood Into the United States (cont.)

• It served as a processing center for most
  immigrants arriving on the East coast after 1892.

• Most immigrants passed through Ellis Island in a
  day.
• However, some faced the possibility of being
  separated from family and possibly sent back to
  Europe due to health problems.

(pages 336339)
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Section 1-8
Europeans Flood Into the United States (cont.)

• Most immigrants settled in cities.

• They lived in neighborhoods that were separated
  into ethnic groups.
• Here they duplicated many of the comforts of
  their homelands, including language and religion.
  
• Immigrants who learned English, adapted to
  American culture, had marketable skills or money,
  or if they settled among members of their own
  ethnic group tended to adjust well to living in
  the United States.

(pages 336339)
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Section 1-10
Asian Immigration to America

• Severe unemployment, poverty, and famine in
  China the discovery of gold in California the
  Taiping Rebellion in China and the demand for
  railroad workers in the United States led to an
  increase in Chinese immigration to the United
  States in the mid-1800s.

• In Western cities, Chinese immigrants worked as
  laborers, servants, skilled tradesmen, and
  merchants.
• Some opened their own laundries.

(page 339)
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Section 1-11
Asian Immigration to America
(cont.)

• Between 1900 and 1908, large numbers of Japanese
  migrated to the United States as Japan began to
  build an industrial economy and an empire.

• In 1910 a barracks was opened on Angel Island in
  California.
• Here, Asian immigrants, mostly young men and
  boys, waited sometimes for months for the results
  of immigration hearings.

(page 339)
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Section 1-13
The Resurgence of Nativism

• The increase in immigration led to nativism, an
  extreme dislike for foreigners by native-born
  people and the desire to limit immigration.

• Earlier, in the 1840s and 1850s, nativism was
  directed towards the Irish.
• In the early 1900s, it was the Asian, Jews, and
  eastern Europeans that were the focus of
  nativism.
• Nativism led to the forming of two
  anti-immigrant groups.

(page 340)
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Section 1-14
The Resurgence of Nativism (cont.)

• The American Protective Association was founded
  in 1887.

• The partys founder, Henry Bowers, disliked
  Catholicism.
• He wanted to stop Catholic immigration.
• In the 1870s, Denis Kearny, an Irish immigrant,
  organized the Workingmans Party of California.
• This group wanted to stop Chinese immigration.
• Racial violence resulted.

(page 340)
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Section 1-15
The Resurgence of Nativism (cont.)

• In 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act
  that barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and
  prevented the Chinese already in America from
  becoming citizens.

• This act was renewed by Congress in 1892, made
  permanent in 1902, and not repealed until 1943.

(page 340)
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End of Section 1