Computer Applications Computer Basics Part 1

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Computer ApplicationsComputer Basics Part 1
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Definition of Computer

• An electronic device, operating under the control
  of instructions stored in its own memory, that
  can accept data (input), process the data
  according to specified rules (process), produce
  results (output), and store the results (storage)
  for future use.

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Computers Have Two Main Parts

1. Computer Hardware
2. Computer Software

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What is Computer Hardware?

• Computer Hardware is the physical part of the
  computer system, the machinery and equipment.
• Parts of the computer you can see

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Examples of Computer Hardware
Monitor T.V. like screen used to show pictures
and words
CPU Central Processing Unit this is where most
of the computers calculations take place. In
terms of computing power, the CPU is the most
important element of a computing system.
Keyboard This device is used to type information
into the computer and contains the numbers 0-9.
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More Computer Hardware
Mouse a small device, which you move across the
top of the desk to move the pointer or cursor on
the screen.
Printer used to make a paper copy of the
information into the computer.
Image Scanner an electronic device that
generates a digital representation of an image
for data input to a computer
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Computer Software

• Defined- a system of programs that tell the
  computer what to do.

• Some people want to use the power of their
  computer to create works of art, others want to
  create music, or play games, surf the web, or
  play the stock market. Whatever you want to do
  with your computer, software is the key to doing
  it.

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Examples of Computer Software

• Computer Applications- OUR CLASS!!
• Word Processing used to create, edit, format
  and print documents. Ex Word
• Spreadsheet used to add, subtract and perform
  calculations in rows and columns of numbers. Ex
  Excel
• Database User can enter, retrieve and update
  data. Ex Access
• Presentation allows user to create slides for
  use in a presentation to a group. Ex PowerPoint
  Prezi

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Computer Input Devices

• Computer Devices that input information in the
  computer
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Digital Camera
• Microphone
• Scanner
• Touchpad

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Computer Output Devices

• Computer Devices that output information from the
  computer. Examples
• Monitor
• Printer

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General Understanding of how your
computer works-

• OverviewTo understand anything it helps to break
  it down into it's basic components. Then you need
  to know how each component works. Finally you
  look at how all the components work together to
  achieve the desired end product or result.
  

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Motherboard

• MotherboardIt is the main circuit board inside
  the CPU case. It holds the microprocessor, memory
  and other crucial circuits and components that
  control the operation of the Personal Computer.
  Every device inside or connected to a Personal
  Computer finds it's way to this board.

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• Memory-The mother board takes the input you give
  it and produces output for you like displaying or
  printing a file. It can't do this without memory.
  The PC operating system used by the PC is copied
  from storage to memory at power up. Memory is
  volatile which means that when your PC is turned
  off the contents of memory are lost. It is
  completely blank and must reloaded each time its
  turned on.
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• electronic components that temporarily store
  instructions waiting to be executed by the
  processor, data needed by those instructions, and
  the results of processed data.
• Consists of chips on that memory module that fits
  into slots on the memory board.

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• StorageRetains information even when it is
  powered off. It stores programs which run the PC
  as well as data, which is a digital form of
  everything you use like documents, music,
  pictures, etc.
• Hard Disks- Miniature
  Mobile Storage Media-
• Flash memory cards solid state media, which
  consists entirely of electronics (no moving
  parts)
• Flash drive (pen drive or thumb drive) flash
  memory portable storage device that plugs into
  USB port
• Smart Card stores data on a thin microprocessor
  embedded in the card about the size of a credit
  card.

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Computer Parts
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Computer Basics Part 2
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Basic Computer Terms and Definitions

• CPU Central Processing Unit
• What- Brain of the computer
• Purpose- Processes the software program.
• -CPUs primary functions include getting
  information from the computers memory.  
• Desktop What- First screen that you see when any
  Windows operating system screen is up and
  running.
• Purpose- to make it easier to access different
  application programs, files and documents.
• File What- Unit for storing information
• Purpose- information can be retrieved from the
  file.
• Examples- a word-processing document, a
  spreadsheet, a picture,
• Folder  What- Method for organizing files
• Purpose- can organize by related by topic, by
  purpose, by type, by program, or even by a
  project that you are working on.
• Operating System What-Software that acts as an
  interface between you, the application software.
• Purpose- carrying out basic instructions that
  operate a computer like recognizing information
  from the keyboard and mouse, sending information
  to monitor, printer, or speakers and scanners,
  storing information to the hard drive and
  removable drives.
• Examples- accesssing the Internet, word
  processing such as windows XP, Windows 2000,
  Windows ME, and MAC OS.

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Uses of a Computer

• Computers in Daily Life
• Accounts
• Games
• Educational
• On-line banking
• Smart ID cards
• Supermarkets
• Working from home (Tele-working)
• Internet

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The Value of Backup!

• The most important thing that you store on your
  computer is information.
• Often the contents of a hard disk can represent
  years of work.
• For this reason it is VITAL that you take
  regular backups of the information that is stored
  on the computer.
• Use 'off-site' storage
• Understand the Importance of shutting down your
  computer properly

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Create a good working environment

• Frequent breaks away from the computer
• Appropriate positioning of screens, chairs and
  keyboards
• Good lighting and ventilation.
• Make sure that cables are safely secured
• Also be aware of
• Glare from screens
• Bad posture

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• Icon What- small picture that represents
  processing options such as programs, documents,
  and shortcuts. 
• Purpose-When you click on the icon, the file or
  program will open.   
•  Input What-the data such as numbers, letters,
  words, images, video, and music
• Purpose-computer input includes commands and
  user response. A command directs the computer
  to execute tasks or perform certain activities.
  
• Example-The command buttons OK, Cancel and Help
  seen on the Shut Down Windows dialog box.
• Keyboard What-input device that allows you to
  enter letters, numbers and symbols into your
  computer.
• Purpose- The keyboard keys include letters
  and numbers, numeric keypad, special function
  keys
•  Hard Copy What-usually refers to a printout on
  paper.
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• Menu What-a list of options to choose from.
• Purpose- commands or other options from which
  you can choose from
• Mouse What-the most common input device for a
  computer. 
• Purpose- used to control the movement of the
  pointer on the screen. Technically, there are
  many operations that are much easier to perform
  with a mouse than a keyboard because you can just
  point and click to select an item on a screen or
  choose an item from a list of options. 

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Likes/Dislikes of a computer

• Things computer like
• Good ventilation
• Clean environment
• Things computer dont like
• Dust
• Drinking and eating over the keyboard
• Heat, Cold or Moisture
• Dont place objects on top of monitors.

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Networks the Internet

• Network collection of computers and devices
  connected together, often wirelessly, via
  communication devices and transmission media.
• Internet - worldwide collection of networks that
  connects millions of businesses, government
  agencies, educational institutions, and
  individuals

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World Wide Web WWW