BEHAVIORISM

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BEHAVIORISM

• By
• Stephan Stegall

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Behaviorism is

• Observation
• Measurement

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Ivan Pavlov

• Classical Conditioning
• This illustration shows the steps of classical
  conditioning. 1. Food salivation 2. Food
  Stimulus salivation (stimulus) 3. Bell alone
  produces salivation (response)

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Edward Thorndike

• "Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but
  wise words endure"
• Connectionism
• Law of Effect
• Law of Recency
• Law of Exercise
• Trail and Error

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John B. Watson

• "The more frequent a stimulus and response to
  occur in association with each other, the
  stronger that habit will become."
• Behaviorism
• Followed Pavlovs theory
• Law of Frequency
• Stimulus Responses

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B. F. Skinner

• Operant Conditioning
• This illustration shows operant conditioning. The
  mouse pushes the lever and receives a food
  reward. Therefore, he will push the lever
  repeatedly in order to get the treat.
• Law of Conditioning

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Four Types of Reinforcement

• Consequences have to be immediate, or clearly
  linked to the behavior.
• Positive Reinforcement Behaviors that are
  rewarded.
• Negative Reinforcement Adding an undesirable
  reinforcer in order to change a behavior and the
  reinforcer is removed after the response.
• Extinction Behaviors that are not reinforced
  are not likely to be repeated.
• Punishment Behaviors that bring undesirable
  consequences will be suppressed, but may reappear
  if reinforcement contingencies change.

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Reinforcement Chart
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Classroom Management

• Positive Reinforcement
• Negative Reinforcement
• Punishment
• Extinction

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Summary

• History
• Connection to Education
• Classroom Management

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References

• Photo of B. F. Skinner - http//www.ship.edu/cgbo
  eree/skinner.html
• Photo of John B. Watson - http//alpha.furman.edu/
  einstein/watson/watson1.htm
• Photo of Edward Thorndike - http//www-distance.sy
  r.edu/pvitaelt.html
• Photo of Ivan Pavlov - http//en.wikipedia.org/wik
  i/Ivan_Pavlov
• Outline of Skinners operant conditioning
  mechanisms - Good, T. L., Brophy, J. E. (1990).
  Educational psychology A realistic approach.
  (4th ed.).White Plains, NY Longman.
• Information about Thorndike - http//tip.psycholog
  y.org/thorn.html
• Movie Clip from Discovery Education United
  Streaming www.unitedstreaming.com