Kansas History Part 2

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Kansas History Part 2
A quick review of our states history. Mrs.
Nelson Jennie Barker 4th grade
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Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854

• President Franklin Pierce signed the act that
  created the Kansas the Nebraska Territories.
• Both territories could vote whether or not to
  allow slavery in their territory.
• This caused MANY problems and even resulted in
  many deaths.

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Bleeding Kansas

• The northern states opposed slavery.
• The southern states were for slavery.
• Settlers rushed to new territory from BOTH sides
  to try to get MORE votes for their side!
• May 21, 1856 800 Pro-slavery swooped down on
  Lawrence, KS. They burned buildings and destroyed
  the property of the free-staters.

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John Brown

• May 23, 1856 John Brown seven followers
  dragged five pro-slavery settlers from their
  cabins and hacked them to death with swords.

• 1859 John Brown led an attack on a federal
  arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA to try to free all
  slaves.
• He was hung for his crimes became a national
  legend in the fight against slavery.

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Jayhawkers

• Free-staters began calling themselves
  Jayhawkers
• A jayhawk is a mythical plundering bird.

• From 1854 1861 200 people died trying to
  determine the future of Kansas.

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Gold Fever

• In 1858 gold is discovered near Pikes Peak
  Denver areas of Colorado.

• Huge numbers of miners pass through the Kansas
  territory on the way to Colorado.

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Pony Express

• April 1860 Pony Express mail riders race across
  the plains mountains.
• 2000 miles from St. Joseph, MO to Sacramento, CA
  in 10 days!

• A station is every 10 miles for the rider to
  get a fresh horse.
• A letter cost 5.00 to mail!
• The Pony Express only lasted for 18 months
  because the telegraph became transcontinental
  (across the continent).

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Kansas Territory

• Cotton tobacco (traditional slave crops) grew
  very poorly in Kansas.

• In 1859 a terrible drought ruined crops.
• Thousands of settlers fled to states back east.

• In 1859 Kansas delegates chose Kansas as the
  official spelling of the territory.
• Previous spellings Kansez, Konza, and
  Canzas.

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Statehood

• January 29, 1861 Kansas becomes the 34th
  state!
• The U.S. President is James Buchanan

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Discontent in the Union

• Eleven discontented southern states left the
  union (United States) and formed the Independent
  Confederate States of America.

• The Civil War erupted in April 1861.
• Kansas sent 23 army regiments and 4 artillery
  batteries (more that 20,000 men . . 2/3rds of
  the adult males in the state served in the war!)
  

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Confederate Raids in Kansas

• Confederate guerilla units (called bushwhackers)
  plundered stores and burned houses in 1861 in the
  towns of Humboldt, Gardner, and Olathe

• Aug. 21, 1863 William C. Quantrill led 300
  bushwhackers on a rampage in Lawrence, Kansas!
• More than 180 citizens were killed the whole
  business part of the town was in ashes!

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End of Civil War

• April 1865 the Civil War ended. The United States
  were once more united.
• People flocked to Kansas.

Cemetary Ridge, Gettysburg, PA
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Exodusters

• The Exodus to Freedom
• "When I landed on the soil, I looked on the
  ground and I says this is free ground. Then I
  looked on the heavens, and I says them is free
  and beautiful heavens. Then I looked within my
  heart, and I says to myself I wonder why I never
  was free before?"John Solomon Lewis, on his
  arrival in Kansas
• After the Civil War, the post-war political
  process of "Reconstruction" began social, but not
  economic reforms in the South. By the 1870s,
  fourteen years after emancipation, African
  Americans in the South faced a bleak future. The
  process some white southerners called
  "Redemption" began when the Federal Government
  withdrew their military forces from the South in
  1877.

http//www.nps.gov/untold/banners_and_backgrounds/
expansionbanner/exoduster.htm
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"Negro Exodusters en route to Kansas, fleeing
from the yellow fever, " Photomural from
engraving. Harpers Weekly, 1870. Historic
American Building Survey Field Records, HABS
FN-6, KS -49-11
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"Ho For Kansas!" Copyprint of handbill. Historic
American Building Survey Field Records, HABS
FN-6, KS-49-14 Prints and Photographs Division
(109)
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Lands Claimed

• Homestead Act of 1862 offered 160 acres of
  federal land to any citizen who paid a 10 filing
  fee and agreed to live on and improve the
  property for 5 years.

• Timber Culture Act of 1873 offered 160 acres of
  federal land to anyone who would plant ¼ of the
  acres with trees within 4 years.

• By 1873 homesteaders claimed 6 million acres
  the Kansas population was 360,000!

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Immigration and Early Settlement

• Many of the people who settled in Kansas
  Territory came for land and business
  opportunities. These settlers were not involved
  in the debate about whether or not Kansas should
  enter the Union as a free or slave state. All
  settlers in Kansas Territory endured the
  hardships found on any frontier. They raised
  crops to feed themselves and their livestock.
  They built houses and stores and established
  schools and churches. The weather was often a
  factor, and a large number of settlers left the
  territory after the bitter winter of 1856.  

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• It is safe to say, despite the attention paid to
  the political tumult and violence known as
  Bleeding Kansas, most of the people who came to
  Kansas Territory sought land and opportunity.
  They were not primarily concerned with the
  free/slave question, but with making a living or
  surviving on the rough frontier, which by
  1859-1860 was made even rougher by a severe
  drought.

From the Territorial Kansas Online website (April
13, 2004) http//www.territorialkansasonline.org/c
giwrp/imlskto/index.php?SCREENimmigration. . .
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Railroads

• In 1857 five miles of railroad track was laid
  between Elwood and Wathena, Kansas.
• By the 1870s there were over 200 railroad
  companies! Some railroad lines were

• Lawrence Fort Gibson RR
• Fort Scott Gulf RR
• Missouri, Kansas, Texas RR (Katy)
• Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe RR
• (stretched along the old Santa Fe Trail)
• Union Pacific RR, Eastern Division

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• In 1876 - Fred Harvey began his food service
  along the Santa Fe RR line. His Harvey House
  restaurants offered good food, good service and a
  reasonable price.

• The railroad and the Harvey House hospitality
  helped to open the state for development.

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End of the Plains Indians

• The coming of the railroads led to the end of the
  Plains Indians way of life.
• Pioneers settled on their lands.
• Hunters killed hundreds of thousands of buffalo
  for hides leaving the buffalo carcass to rot.

• During the railroads building, Buffalo Bill
  Cody was hired to help feed the workers. He is
  said to have killed 4,280- buffalo in 18 months
  for food.

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Indians Outraged!

• Desperate Indians begin attacking Kansas
  settlers.
• 1860s army outposts are built in Kansas to
  assist settlers with Indian uprisings.

Ft. Larned in the winter
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AN ARMY TRAIN CROSSING THE PLAINSHarper's
Weekly, April 24, 1868
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INDIAN LODGE AT MEDICINE CREEK, KS

• SCENE OF THE LATE INDIAN PEACE COUNCIL--
  SKETCHED BY J.
  HOWLANDHarper's Weekly October 16-26, 1867

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Farming on the Great Plains

• Farmers built dugout houses with walls and roofs
  fashioned with large squares of sod.
• Dried buffalo manure was used for fuel.
• Buffalo bones were gathered and sold for
  fertilizer.

• An 1870 grasshopper invasion destroyed crops on
  5,000 sq. miles on KS farmland!

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Birth of the Chisholm Trail

• Shortage of beef in the northeast states.
• Beginning in 1867 Texas cattlemen (cowboys) drove
  herds of cattle northward to Abilene, Kansas to
  put on the Union Pacific Railroad to the
  northeast states.

• Other cowtowns Newton, Ellsworth, Wichita,
  Hunnewell, Dodge City
• In 1871 Abilene hired Wild Bill Hickock to
  quiet drunken brawls when the cowboys came into
  town.

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Gunfighters of Kansas

• Dodge City saw its share of gunfighters.
• Wyatt Earp
• Bat Masterson
• Doc Holiday
• Charlie Bassett
• Luke Short

Wyatt Earp

• By 1885 the cattle drives were over.

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1880 Kansas Goes Dry

• Kansas was the 1st Union state to go dry
• By 1900 Carrie Nation had made a name for herself
  by enforcing this law herself.

A formidable woman, nearly 6 feet tall and
weighing 175 pounds, she dressed in stark black
and white clothing. Alone or accompanied by
hymn-singing women, she would march into a saloon
and proceed to sing, pray, hurl biblical-sounding
vituperations, and smash the bar fixtures and
stock with a hatchet. At one point, her fervor
led her to invade the governor's chambers at
Topeka. Jailed many times, she paid her fines
from lecture-tour fees and sales of souvenir
hatchets, at times earning as much as 300 per
week. She herself survived numerous physical
assaults.
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Carrie Nation

• Carry Nation was dressed in black, quoting
  Bible verses, and swinging a hatchet when she
  marched into a Wichita bar. Earlier Nation had
  been arrested for smashing the elegant Carey
  Hotel bar in Wichita, but that experience did not
  deter her. With her hatchet as a symbol of her
  cause, Carry Nation herself became a symbol. Her
  belief in the evils of alcohol most likely came
  from her first marriage.

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• Carry was deeply in love with Charles Gloyd and
  was devastated by his alcoholism. His death left
  Carry to raise their daughter alone. She married
  a second time, but focused her energies to the
  temperance cause. She believed drinking was
  responsible for much heartache in her own life as
  well as the lives of other women and children.
  Carry Nation took up the crusade to rid Kansas
  and the nation of alcoholic beverages.
• excerpt from Kansas State Historical Society
• http//www.kshs.org/exhibits/flags/flags3.htm

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End of the WILD WEST

• October 5, 1892 the 5 members of the Dalton Gang
  robbed the two banks in the town of Coffeyville.
• The gunfight that followed left 4 gang members
  dead and the 5th, Emmett Dalton seriously
  wounded.

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World War I

• April 1917 the United States joined the war in
  Europe.
• More than 80,000 Kansans enlisted to fight.
• Many counties doubled their wheat production to
  help with the war effort.

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18th Amendment

• In 1917 Kansas passed the Bone Dry law
  outlawing completely the sale of liquor
• The Prohibition amendment, was passed, following
  many states' actions towards closing saloons, and
  banning sale and transport of alcohol.
• In 1933, the 21st Amendment repealed the 18th!
  Kansas chooses not to repeal its law though.
• This happened because of the mass bootlegging and
  protests that were occurring. The 18th Amendment
  was the first admendment to be repealed.

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Stock Market Crash of 1929

• Wall Street stocks plunged the entire country
  into the worst depression in its history.

People riot
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Dust Bowl of 1931

• A horrible drought on the plains
• Farms failed!

• Thousands of families fled the state.

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World War II

• December 7, 1941 the surprise attack of the
  Japanese on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii killed
  thousands.
• Dec. 8th the United States declares war on Japan,
  Germany Italy.

• More than 215,000 Kansans served.
• Many airfields were created for pilot practice
  including Garden City Dodge City.

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• Adolf Hitler becomes
• Führer of Germany

An air raid in London, England
Dec. 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor
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New Industry

• Aircraft plants are constructed to assist with
  the war effort.
• Wichita becomes a leader in aircraft production.
• Baxter Springs manufactures munitions materials.

• Much of the wars supply of food is produced
  in Kansas.
• By 1945, the war ends, Kansans prosper!
• We are now the Air Capital of the World!

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Kansas Repeals Prohibition

• Although the 21st Amendment was passed in 1933,
  Kansans didnt repeal prohibition in their state
  until 1948!

Barrels of beer are axed.
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A Kansas President!

• In 1952 our nation elected Dwight D. Eisenhower
  as the 34th President.
• Eisenhower served two 4 year terms.

1944 tank practice
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Farming Changes

• Hybrid seeds, feeds, improved fertilizers and new
  farm implements change the Kansas landscape.
• Farm outputs rise to new levels!

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Wheat State Breadbasket

• Because of the production of wheat in our state,
  Kansas is given new nicknames.
• We are the 1 wheat producing state!
• We are 2 in the production of cattle 7.36
  million head in 2003 (Texas is 1)
• Industry growth in mills for flour, meat packing
  plants, and other related areas.

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Kansas Beef Facts

• Kansas ranks 2nd in the value of live animals
  meat exported to other countries at 748,400,000
  in 2002.
• Kansas ranks 2nd in the nation in the value of
  hides exported to other countries at 323,000,000
  in 2002.

• Meat packing prepared meat products
• manufacturing provide employment for
  
  
  over
  18,700 employees in Kansas.

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• Kansas has 34,000 farms with cattle and calves.
  (2002)

• Haskell County has the most cattle on feed
  in Kansas with Finney County
  second, followed by Scott, Gray and Ford.
  (January 2002)

• Kansas ranks third in total red meat production
  at 5,730,000,000 pounds!
• (2003)

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• Kansas ranks 6th in the nation in the number of
  beef cows. There are 1,550,000 head of beef cows
  on state farms ranches. (January 2004)

• The Kansas cattle industry generated
  4,810,000,000 in cash receipts for 2002.
  Kansas is often referred to as the Wheat
  State - however the cash receipts for wheat
  total less that half of those of beef!