A.P. United States History

1
A.P. United States History

• Unit 6/3rd 9-Weeks Test

2
John Smith saved Jamestown from starving, John
Rolfe saved the colony financially by
introducing the cultivation of tobacco.
Pocahontas
3
Separatist Puritans a/k/a Pilgrims settled in
Plymouth in 1620. They established the Mayflower
Compact In which the settlers consented to be
Governed.
4
Quakers led by William Penn established
Pennsylvania. They had good relations with the
Native Americans, disagreed with slavery and
allowed more rights for women. Church and state
were separated in Pennsylvania. They paid taxes
to the State but were not required to pay Tithes
to the Church.
5
In 1732, James Oglethorpe was given a charter
from King George II to create a new colony which
he would name Georgia. This was located between
South Carolina and Florida. It had two main
purposes to serve as a place where debtors in
prison could go to start anew and it served as a
barrier against Spanish expansion from Florida
6
Mercantilism Mother Country 1, More exports
than Imports, Collect all gold
The Navigation Acts were efforts to put the
theory of mercantilism into actual practice.
Under the provisions of this legislation, trade
with the colonies was to be conducted only in
English or colonial ships and trade destined for
nations outside the empire had to go first to
England.
7
The Articles of Confederation were Americas first
government. This government gave the states more
power than the central government.
8
Alexander Hamilton, Washingtons Secretary of the
Treasury was the leader of the Federalist party
which believed in loose interpretation of the
Constitution. Washington eventually identified
himself with the Federalist party.
9
Thomas Jefferson, Washingtons Secretary of State
was the leader of the Democratic-Republican party
which believed in Strict interpretation of the
Constitution
10
Chart Hamiltons Plan for Restructuring Debt
Hamiltons Plan for Restructuring Debt
CHART
11
The War of 1812 resulted in a rise of U.S. pride
but did not result in new lands for the U.S.
The Federalists party died due to their
opposition to the war.
12
Henry Clays AMERICAN SYSTEM A plan to
strengthen and unify the nation, the American
System was advanced by the Whig Party and a
number of leading politicians including Henry
Clay, John Quincy Adams. The System included
-Support for a high tariff to protect American
industries and generate revenue for the federal
government -Maintenance of high public land
prices to generate federal revenue
-Preservation of the Bank of the United States
to stabilize the currency and rein in risky state
and local banks -Development of a system of
internal improvements (such as roads and canals)
which would knit the nation together and be
financed by the tariff and land sales revenues.
.
13
No candidate received enough electoral party
votes in 1824 to win the presidency so the
election was decided by the House of Reps. The
speaker of the House, Henry Clay, threw is
support to John Quincy Adams who won. Later Clay
was appointed Secretary of State. This was seen
as some as a Corrupt Bargain.
14
Immigrants are generally seen as competition for
jobs.
15
William Lloyd Garrison (1805 1879) was a
prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and
social reformer. He is best known as the editor
of the radical abolitionist newspaper, The
Liberator, and as one of the founders of the
American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted
"immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United
States. Garrison was also a prominent voice for
the women's suffrage movement.
16
After the Mexican-American War and the gold rush
of 1849, California applied for statehood as a
free statehood. No other state was applying to
keep the free state-slave state balance as in
1820 so an omnibus bill was agreed to called the
Compromise of 1850. The Compromise
included CA entered as a free
state Utah/NM Territories entered under the
concept of popular sovereignty There was to
be no sale of slaves in Washington, DC MOST
CONTROVERSIAL--A reinforced Fugitive Slave Act was
17
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was suggested by Senator
Stephen Douglas of Illinois in order to allow the
transcontinental railroad to be built through
Illinois. It allowed popular sovereignty north
of the 36x30 line to get the vote of the Southern
senators, the Kansas Nebraska Act nullified the
Missouri Compromise of 1820 causing great
controversy and the establishment of the
Republican Party.
18
After the Battle of Antietam, President Abraham
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation The
Proclamation declared "that all persons held as
slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and
henceforward shall be free as of January 1,
1863. Making Emancipation an official objective
of the war prevented the Europeans from
supporting the Confederacy.
19
Most freedmen had limited skills so had to enter
into sharecropping (farmed land and shared crops
with owner of land) or crop lien agreements (paid
rent to farm the owners land) with their former
master which put them into a cycle of debt which
they could not escape.
20
With the arrival of the settlers taking advantage
of the Homestead Act in 1862, there began to be
violence between the Plains Tribes and the
Homesteaders. To solve this problem the
government put the Native Americans on limited
reservations and told them to farm. The Plains
Tribes were nomads who followed the buffalo and
did not want to farm.
21
To assimilate the Plains tribes into American
society the Dawes Act or General Allotment
Act,1887, was passed which divided the
reservations into individual plots of land for
each Native American head of household. Once the
reservations were divided 65 was left over for
American settlement.
22
The Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman Act, July 2,
1890, requires the United States Federal
government to investigate and pursue trusts,
companies and organizations suspected of
violating the Act. It was the first Federal
statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and
today still forms the basis for most antitrust
litigation by the United States federal
government. However, for the most part,
politicians were unwilling to enforce this law
until Teddy Roosevelt's Presidency (1901-1909).
23
Social Darwinism Any attempt to provide welfare
for the poor is a mistake. Feeding or housing
the poor simply permits them to survive and to
transmit their unfitness to their children, who
in turn would pass it on to their children thus
weakening society and the human race.
V.
The wealthy entrepreneur must assume the
responsibility of distributing his fortune in a
way that it will be put to good use (i.e.
universities, libraries, etc).
24
The Populist Party -originally the People's
Party was established in 1891 -advocated the
public ownership of transportation esp. the
railroads the free and unlimited coinage of
silver (bimetallism) the abolition of
national banks tariff reduction a system
of graduated income tax the direct election
of United States Senators.
25
At the 1896 Democratic Convention, William
Jennings Bryan gave his Cross of Gold Speech
You shall not press down upon the brow of labor
this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify
mankind upon a cross of gold
26
Booker Twork hard and prove worthy of equal
rights (Tuskegee Institute)
W.E.B. DuboisEqual rights NOW (NAACP)
27
The New Immigrants were those immigrants who came
to the United States between 1880 and 1920 mainly
from Southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and
Asia.
Jacob Riis was a journalist and photographer who
photographed the immigrants and the conditions in
which they lived.
28
Due to the jobs available in the north in World
War I there was a Great Migration of African
Americans from the south to the north.
29
One of the results of the Great Migration was a
flowering of African American art and literature
known as the Harlem Renaissance.
30
Because of the corruption in the Warren G.
Harding administration such as the Teapot Dome
Scandal Harding is often compared to U.S. Grant.
31
Henry Fords use of the assembly line made cars
available to the average American.
32
The Flappers of the 1920s became the icon of the
1920s.
33
The Klan rose again in the 1920s but expanded
its focus from just African Americans to
immigrants, Jews, and Catholics.
34
The main issue of the Scopes Trial was whether
Darwinism could legally be taught in schools.
This trial illustrates the conflict between
fundamentalism and modernism.
35
Prohibition resulted in the rise in organized
crime.
36
(No Transcript)
37
President Hoovers approach to the depression
emphasized the importance of relying on local
government and private charities instead of
relying on the Federal government.
38
-1924, a grateful Congress voted to give a bonus
to World War I veterans - 1.25 for each day
served overseas, 1.00 for each day served in the
States but payment would not be made until 1945.
- By 1932 the nation had slipped into the dark
days of the Depression and the unemployed
veterans wanted their money immediately. -May
1932 15,000 veterans, many unemployed and
destitute, descended on Washington, D.C. to
demand immediate payment of their bonus.
-10,000 veterans, women, and children made
shanty towns (Hoovervilles) around Washington
DC. -A month after Congress voted down the
immediate payment the Bonus army was ordered to
evacuate all government property. -Washington
police met with resistance, shots were fired and
two marchers killed. -President Hoover then
ordered the army (led by Douglas MacArthur) to
forcefully clear out the veterans.
39
Shanty towns were often called Hoovervilles.
40
(No Transcript)
41
FDRs First Hundred Days aka First New
Deal -Emergency Banking Relief Act -Economy
Act -Unemployment Relief Act (Civilian
Conservation Corps) -Agricultural Adjustment Act
(Agricultural Adjustment Administration) -Federal
Emergency Relief Act -Tennessee Valley
Authority -Federal Securities Act -Home Owners
Refinancing Act -Farm Credit Act -Banking Act of
1933 (FDIC) -National Industrial Recovery Act
(NRA, PWA)
42
FDRs Second New Deal -Civil Works
Administration -Civil Works Emergency Relief
Act -Home Owners Loan Act -Securities and
Exchange Act (SEC) -Communications Act
(FCC) -Federal Farm Bankruptcy Act -National
Housing Act (FHA) -Emergency Relief
Appropriations Act (WPA) -National Labor
Relations Act (Wagner Act) -Revenue Act of
1935 -Social Security Act -Public Utilities
Holding Company Act -Banking Act of
1935 -Resettlement Administration
-Fair Labor Standards Act -Agricultural
Adjustment Act of 1938 -Rural Electrification
Act -National Housing Act of 1937 -Bankhead-Jone
s Farm -Tenancy Act
43
(No Transcript)
44
When the Supreme Court declared some of his New
Deal programs unconstitutional, FDR attempted to
add justices to the Court. This was called the
Court Packing scheme.
45
Hitler becomes Prime Minister of Germany and
later takes full power after the death of
Hindenberg and the burning of the Reischtag.
46
In response to Hitlers demand for the
Sudetenland (belonging to Czechoslovakia),
England entered the Munich Pact in which Hitler
was given the Sudetenland for his promise not to
invade any other land. This policy is called
Appeasement. Hitler later breaks his promises
and invades the rest of Czechoslovakia.
47
(No Transcript)
48
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Hitler
enters a non-aggression Pact (not a treaty) with
the USSR. They agreed to split Poland and not go
to war with each other.
49
England and France declare war on Germany when
the Nazis invade Poland on Sept. 1, 1939.
50
1940, Germany invades western Europe
51
1940-1941, Germany bombs England in preparation
of a cross-channel invasion that never comes.
52
Summer 1941, Hitler breaks the Non-Aggression
Pact and invades the USSR.
53
Due to overpopulation and lack of resources,
Japan began to expand their empire in Asia during
the 1930s.
54
Japans invasion of China (Manchuria) brought
them into conflict with the United States
55
The U.S. entered World War II after the bombing
of Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941
56
During World War II, Japanese immigrants and
American civilians of Japanese descent living on
the West Coast were put in internment camps.
This action was argued in the Supreme Court
(Korematsu v. U.S). It was deemed legal because
the Japanese in America may have been a clear
and present danger.
57
World War II was the first war in which America
drafted prior to the entering the war.
58
During World War II women were encouraged to work
in the factories to increase war production.
59
1942, Allied invasion of North Africa (Operation
Torch)
60
1943, Allied invasion of Italy
61
The Battle of Midway was the turning point in
the war against the Japanese. From this point
forward Japan was on the defensive.
62
The Soviet Union wanted the Allies to invade
western Europe (France) in order to force the
Nazis to fight a two front war.
63
June 6, 1944 (D-DAY) the Allies invaded France
(Normandy)
64
Feb 1945, FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta
in which Stalin agreed to -formation of the
UN -3 month deadline for USSR to enter Pacific
War -representative govs in E. Europe
Yalta
65
April 1945
66
May 1945
67
To defeat the Japanese, Truman had 3
choices -D-Day style invasion of the Japanese
home island -demonstration of the a-bomb on an
deserted island in the Pacific -use it on the
Japanese with warning
68
The Japanese surrender in August 1945 after the
dropping of the A-bombs on the cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.