HSHM 447bHIST 483b History of Chinese Science

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HSHM 447b/HIST 483bHistory of Chinese Science
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Rivers of China

• Huang He (Yellow River) in North)
• Heilungjiang (Black Dragon River, Amur) in North
• Yalu River (Northeast) border with Korea
• Chang Jiang (Yangtze) (Long River) in Middle of
  China
  
• Zhu Jiang (Pearl River) in South
• Li Jiang (Li River) in South
• Mekong in West (S. through VN)

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Asian Languages (in a nutshell)

• Altaic Group
• Turkic Mongolian Tungus
• Northeast Asia Group
• Korean Japanese
• Sino-Tibetan Group
• Tibeto-Burmese Thai Miao-Yao Chinese
• Austro-Asiatic Group
• Khymer Cham Mon
• Malayo-Polynesian Group
• Malay Javanese Taiwanese

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Chinese Language Tips

• No sound such as in English at.
• Thus Tang does NOT rhyme with bang or hang.
  The vowel sounds as in say aaahhh, or mama
  
• e sounds as uh in duh (Pinyin)
• Thus Deng is sounded as dung
• Surnames are positioned first
• Thus, Mao Zedong is Mr. Mao. His personal name
  is Zedong. Or as in Bush Georgewalker
  

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Romanizations of Chinese

• Pinyin (spells the sound) modern PRC X, q
  problems
  
• Wade-Giles (much English scholarship) hs and ch
  problems
  
• Yale
• Needham thh problems
• French and German systems

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Pinyin and Wade-Giles Comparisons
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Evolution of Chinese Scripts
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Shang Dynasty Oracle Bones
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Qing Dynasty stele with scripts in several
languages
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Periodization in Chinese History

• Traditionally by Dynasty
• Historical dynasties starting 1766 BCE
• Prior legendary dynasties
• Dynastic concept based on ruler-heaven legitimacy
  theory
  
• By Socio-political movements/events
• Expansionism, agriculture, trade
• By Outside events
• Invading, non-Chinese rulers
• Responses to Western contacts/confrontations
• By Intellectual/Philosophical currents
• Confucianism/Daoism/Buddhism
• Western Science and technology

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Key Dynastic Landmarks

• Shang Dynasty (1765 - 1122 BCE)
• Zhou Dynasty (1122 - 256 BCE)
• Han Dynasty (206 BCE 220 CE)
• Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 CE)
• Sung Dynasty (960 1279 CE)
• Yuan Dynasty (1271 1367 CE)
• Ming Dynasty (1368 1644 CE)
• Qing Dynasty (1644 1911 CE)
• Republic (1912 1949 CE)
• Peoples Republic (1949 present)

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Shang Bronze Vessel
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• Han Dynasty
• Prancing Horse

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Fancy Goldfish
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Peony Varieties
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• Sung Dynasty
• Celadon Bowl

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Tang Dynasty Horse
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Ming DynastyVase