History of Forensic Science

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History of Forensic Science
Research based on Miami-Dade County Website
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What is forensic science?

• Previously ______ medicine was the term used
  for the application of medical knowledge to the
  investigation of a crime.
• Now we call it forensic science
• Forensic refers to the use of material in a ____
  of law

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Where did forensic science start?

• The Chinese book Hsi Duan Yu (The Washing Away of
  ____), which appeared in 1248, provided the first
  association of medicine and law.
• The book offered useful ____, such as
  distinguishing drowning (water in the lungs) and
  strangulation (pressure marks on the throat and
  damaged cartilage in the neck) from _____ by
  natural causes.

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Where did forensic science start?

• The first appearance of ___ in the courtroom was
  documented around the end of the 18th century.
• The emergence of modern ______ around that period
  led to discoveries which were applicable to crime
  _______ and _______.

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Important Cases in History

• One of the ____ celebrated cases in forensic
  science involved the 'father of _______', Mathieu
  Orfila (1787-1853), who worked in Paris and
  testified in an _______ poisoning criminal trial
  in _____.
• Orfila and others had developed a chemical ____
  to detect arsenic, the _____ of choice for the
  period because the symptoms, violent stomach
  pains and vomiting, were similar to _______ (a
  common disease of the times) and often went
  undetected.

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Important Cases in History

• Alphonse Bertillon's (1853-1914) personal
  ___________ system using a series of body and
  facial _____________ for individualization,
  developed in 1882.
• Dr. Francis Galton's (1822-1911) Fingerprints,
  published in 1892, was another pioneering
  contribution to the emerging field of ________
  science.

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Founder of Forensic Science!

• Alexandre Lacassagne (1844-1921) has been called
  the _____ of modern forensic science.
• Lacassagne made many contributions including the
  first to recognize the significance of the ______
  etched on a bullet extracted from a_____ victim
  and their link to the gun from which it was
  fired, thus beginning the science of _______.

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Forensic Facts!
Illinois suspended its death penalty after
discovering that police ________ Pamela Fish had
manufactured forensic evidence in dozens of cases!
If only they had caught her sooner!
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Founder of Forensic Science!

• He also was the first to study the relationship
  between an attack on a victim and the shape and
  ________ of _________, and was first to recognize
  the need for adequate means of identifying
  ________ through a police ______ system.

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CRIME LABS!

• First forensic ______ was set up in France in
  1910.
• First crime laboratory in the U.S. was
  established in _____ by the Los Angeles County
  Sheriff's Department.
• The Federal Bureau of Investigation (____) lab
  was established in 1932 and in 1937 Paul Kirk
  (1902-1970) set up the first academic ________
  program in the U.S. at the University of
  California.

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Current Practice of Forensic Science in U.S.
Laboratories

• Labs test
• Drug ________
• Trace Evidence analysis
• Fiber and _____ comparison and analysis
• Paint comparison and analysis
• ______ comparison and analysis
• Fire debris and _______ analysis
• Gun shot ______ analysis Tape comparison
• Soil and building materials comparison and
  analysis
• Lamp and ________ examinations

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Current Practice of Forensic Science in U.S.
Laboratories

• Biology services
• Biological _____ identification and ______ origin
  
• _____ analysis
• Bloodstain _______ interpretation
• Firearms and toolmark identification
• Firearm _____
• Projectile comparison
• ____ powder pattern interpretation
• Footwear and tire impression comparison

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Current Practice of Forensic Science in U.S.
Laboratories

• Toxicology
• Breath and blood _____ analysis
• _____ analysis
• Drugs in biological fluids and _____
• Fingerprint and latent identification and
  comparisons
• Specialized analysis
• Computer and data recovery
• ______ analysis

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What is the future of forensic science?

• Many possibilities!
• Currently, scientists are working on making
  faster, more ______ methods for their lab tests.
• Who knows where the future of forensic science
  lies maybe youll be part of the answer!