OBJECTIVES PROCESS FLOW SHEET MODULE

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OBJECTIVES - PROCESS FLOW SHEET MODULE

• KNOW WHAT A PROCESS FLOW SHEET IS
• UNDERSTAND THE NEED TO OPTIMIZE PROCESS
  CONDITIONS
• LEARN THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF FOOD SAFTEY AND GOOD
  MANUFACTUREING PROCESSES

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KEY DEFINITION

• A FLOW CHART IS A SCHEMATIC DEPTICTION OF THE
  PROCESS REQUIRED TO MAKE A GIVEN PRODUCT. IT
  CONTAINS ALL THE INFORMATION NEEDED FOR PROCESS
  SCALE-UP, DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATION

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ELEMENTS NEEDED TO DEFINE A PROCESS

• UNIT OPERATIONS
• Design Criteria
• Geometry
• OPERATING CONDITIONS
• Fundamental and Calculated
• Critical Control Points
• MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
• MASS BALANCE
• ENERGY BALANCE

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OBJECTIVES OF A FOOD PROCESS

• STABILIZE PRODUCT
• PHYSICAL
• CHEMICAL
• BIOLOGICAL
• IMPART DESIRED PHYSICAL AND/OR CHEMICAL
  CHARACTERISTICS

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TECHNIQUES FOR STABILIZING A FOOD PRODUCT

• THERMAL PROCESSING
• REFRIGERATION
• FREEZING
• FERMENTATION
• CONTROL OF WATER
• ACIDIFICATION
• CHEMICALS
• IRRADIATION
• PRESSURE
• PULSED ENERGY

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PROCESS PARAMETERS

• FUNDAMENTAL
• TEMPERATURE
• PRESSURE
• CONCENTRATION
• FLOW RATES
• VELOCITY

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PROCESS PARAMETERS

• CALCULATED OR MEASURED
• TIP SPEED POWER
• TORQUE
• POWER/UNIT VOLUME
• SHEAR RATE
• TOTAL STRAIN
• CIRCULATION RATE
• SUPERFICIAL VELOCITY
• DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS

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MASS BALANCE EXAMPLE
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ENERGY BALANCE EXAMPLE
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KEY DEFINITION

• SCALE UP IS THE TASK OF PRODUCING AN IDENTICAL,
  IF POSSIBLE, PROCESS RESULT AT A LARGER
  PRODUCTION RATE THAN PREVIOUSLY ACHIEVED
• STAGES ARE BENCH TOP TO PILOT PLANT TO FULL
  PRODUCTION PLANT

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KEY DEFINITIONS

• THE PRIMARY SCALE-UP CRITERION IS THAT PROCESS
  PARAMETER, OR SET OF PARAMETERS, THAT BRINGS
  ABOUT THE DESIRED PROCESS RESULTS INDEPENDENT OF
  THE ULTIMATE SCALE OF THE PROCESS
• THE SCALE-UP CRITERIA ARE THOSE MECHANICAL AND
  PHYSICAL CHANGES THAT MUST BE UNDERSTOOD TO
  SATISFY THE PRIMARY SCALE-UP CRITERION

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SUCCESS REQUIRES

• COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE OF EVERY STEP
  IN THE PROCESS
• GENERALLY REQUIRES THE APPLICATION OF
  EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO UNDERSTAND FACTORS AND
  INTERATIONS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS