Overview of Census Indicators

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Overview of Census Indicators
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Overview of Presentation

• Purposes of census indicators
• What is an indicator
• How to develop census indicators
• Proposed indicators for CensusInfo
• Metadata for the indicators

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Dissemination of Census Data

• Basic productions for dissemination of census
  data
• Summary information for national, regional and
  local authorities and users
• Reports on key findings on particular topics,
  supplemented detail results and analyses
• Profiles of local, minority and small population
• Spatial and graphical analyses
• Supplementary metadata covering definitions,
  classifications and coverage and quality
  assessments

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Purposes of census indicators

• Report the important issues on population and
  housing characteristics to decision makers and
  users
• Increase the usefulness of census information for
  national and local development programs
• Facilitate the decision-making process at all
  level of administrative units
• Cross-analysis among demographic, social,
  economic and environmental factors
• Increase the awareness of census users on
  policy-oriented indicators

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What is an indicator

• Indicators can be defined as a number or ratio
  (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from
  a series of observed facts.
• Indicators can be expressed in different ways
• counts/absolute numbers
• percentages
• ratios
• proportion
• rates
• mean/median

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What is an indicator

• Counts/absolute numbers gives an idea about a
  number of events or a number of people with
  specific characteristics.
• Percentage a way of expressing a number as a
  fraction of 100 e.g. distribution of population
  by sex, age groups, marital status,
  administrative units, nationality.
• Ratio an expression that compares two quantities
  relative to each other e.g. sex ratio, age
  dependency ratio, enrolment ratio.

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What is an indicator

• Proportion special type of ratio expressing a
  relationship between the part and the whole. The
  numerator represents a portion of the total the
  denominator is the total e.g. prop. of
  economically active population.
• Rate a type of ratio expressing the number of
  events occurring within a defined time period
  divided by the population expose to the risk of
  events e.g. infant mortality rate, age-specific
  fertility rate, crude birth rate.

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What is an indicator

• Mean/median a kind of average value of the
  events
• Mean is the mathematical average of a set of
  numbers. The average is calculated by adding up
  two or more scores and dividing the total by the
  number of scores.
• Median is the middle of a distribution half the
  scores are above the median and half are below
  the median e.g. median age, median salary.

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How to develop census indicators

• Take into account
• Basic results on the smallest geographical level
  considering national priorities and international
  comparability
• National and sub-national development programs
  (such as on woman status, labor force
  participation, education and health)
• Indicators determined (international and
  national) for monitoring and implementing
  specific projects in the country (MDGs
  indicators, sustainable development indicators,
  indicators on women status, etc)

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How to develop census indicators

• Organization of work
• Teamwork is necessary for well-designed census
  indicators
• Demographers and other subject-matter specialists
  should be involved in this process
• Collaboration with the related national
  organizations and principal users (e.g.
  ministries, state planning office, local
  authorities, private sector organizations)

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How to develop census indicators

• More importantly
• Data quality, coverage should be checked before
  dissemination, for example by comparing to the
  results of other sources (household
  surveys/administrative registers) and/or previous
  censuses
• In case of coverage or quality problem,
  alternative methods (indirect techniques, some
  adjustment) can be used to estimate concerned
  indicators

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Proposed indicators for CensusInfo

• The following guidance is intended to help
  countries in setting up their own national
  indicators
• Proposed census indicators formulated according
  to the core topics given in United Nations
  Principles and Recommendations for Population and
  Housing Census, Rev 2.
• Proposed indicators should be disseminated on
  regions, provinces, administrative units and by
  sex

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Topics of CensusInfo

• Population topics
• Geographical characteristics
• Internal migration characteristics
• International migration characteristics
• Household and family characteristics
• Demographic and social characteristics
• Fertility and mortality
• Educational characteristics
• Economic characteristics
• Disability characteristics
• Housing topics

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Geographical characteristics

• Place of usual residence/place where present at
  time of census
• Population size (de jure/de facto)
• Urban population size (de jure/de facto)
• Rural population size (de jure/de facto)
• Annual population growth rate
• Population density
• Prop. of urban population
• Prop. of rural population

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Internal migration characteristics

• Place of birth
• Population by place of birth
• Prop. of population who were born outside the
  place of usual residence/geographical area
  (life-time migration)
• Duration of residence
• Population by duration of residence less than 1
  year, less than 5 years
• Prop. of population by duration of residence in
  total population less than 1 year, less than 5
  years

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Internal migration characteristics

• Place of previous residence/ Place of residence
  at a specified date in the past (alternate core
  topics)
• in-migrants, out-migrants, net-migrants,
• in-migration rate, out-migration rate,
  net-migration rate
• In-migration rate M.i /Pi k
• Out-migration rate Mi./Pi k
• Net-migration rate (M.i Mi. )/Pi k
• Where M.i total number of in-migrants for
  area i
• Mi. total number of out-migrants for area i
• (M.i Mi.) Net-migration for area i
• Pi Population of area i
• k constant, usually 100 or 1000

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International migration characteristics

• Country of birth
• Number of foreign-born population
• Prop. of foreign-born population in total
  population
• Citizenship
• Number of foreign population
• Prop. of foreign population in total population
• Year or period of arrival
• Immigrated population by period of arrival less
  than 1 year, less than 5 years
• Prop. of immigrated population by period of
  arrival less than 1 year, less than 5 years

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Household and family characteristics

• Size of household
• Number of households
• Average size of household
• Household and family composition
• Number of single person households
• Number of nuclear households
• Number of extended households
• of single person households
• of nuclear households
• of extended households

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Demographic and social characteristics

• Sex
• Population by sex
• Sex ratio (male/female) total, urban, rural
• Age/age group
• Population less than 1 year old, less than 5
  years old and 5 years age groups from age 5 to 90
  (5-9, 10-14, , 85-89, 90)
• Prop. of population less than 1 year old, less
  than 5 years old and 5 years age groups from age
  5 to 90 (5-9, 10-14, , 85-89, 90)
• Median age total, male, female
• Age dependency ratio total, child, elderly
• the ratio of the combined child (0-14) and
  elderly (65)population to the population of
  intermediate age(15-64). It can be given for
  child and elderly separately.

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Demographic and social characteristics

• Marital status
• Single population
• Married population
• Widowed population
• Divorced population
• For selected age groups (e.g. -15, 15-19, ..,
  75) by sex
• Prop. of single population
• Prop. of married population
• Prop. of widowed population
• Prop. of divorced population
• For selected age groups (e.g. -15, 15-19, ..,
  75) by sex

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Fertility and mortality

• Children ever born alive
• Average number of children ever born for females
  aged less than 15
• Average number of children ever born for females
  aged less than 20
• Average number of children ever born for females
  at age group 45-49 (completed fertility)
• Births in the past 12 months
• Total number of births in the last year before
  the census day
• Crude birth rate
• Total fertility rate
• Age-specific fertility rate for specific age
  groups (less than age 20, for age group
  40-44/45-49)
• Sex ratio at birth

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Fertility and mortality

• Infant and child deaths in the past 12 months
• Number of infant deaths by sex
• Number of children (age less than five) deaths by
  sex
• Infant mortality rates by sex (MDG)
• Child mortality rates by sex
• Household deaths in the past 12 months
• Total number of deaths by sex
• Crude death rates by sex
• Life expectancy at birth by sex

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Educational characteristics

• Literacy
• Literate population for aged 15 and over by sex
• Literate population for 15-24 age group by sex
• Adult literacy rate (aged 15 and over) by sex
• Literacy rate for 15-24 age group by sex (MDG)
• Ratio of literate women to men for 15-24 age
  group (MDG)

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Educational characteristics

• School attendance
• Number of students in primary school by sex
• Number of students in secondary school by sex
• Gross enrolment ratio for primary school by sex
• Gross enrolment ratio for secondary school by sex
• Net enrolment ratio for primary school by sex
• Net enrolment ratio for secondary school by sex
• Gross enrolment ratio is calculated for all
  students, regardless of age, for a given level of
  education as a percentage of the total population
  in the official school-age.
• Net enrolment ratio is calculated for the
  students in the official school-age for a given
  level of education as a percentage of the total
  population in official school-age.

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Educational characteristics

• Educational attainment
• Population never attended school for age 15 and
  over by sex
• Population graduated from primary schools for age
  15 and over by sex
• Population graduated from secondary school for
  age 15 and over by sex
• Population graduated from university for age 15
  and over by sex
• Prop. of population never attended school for age
  15 and over by sex
• Prop. of population graduated from primary
  schools for age 15 and over by sex
• Prop. of population graduated from secondary
  school for age 15 and over by sex
• Prop. of population graduated from university
  (tertiary education) for age 15 and over by sex

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Economic characteristics

• Activity status and Unemployment
• Economically active population for age group
  1564 by sex
• Prop. of economically active population for age
  group 15-64 in same age group by sex
• Unemployed population for age group 15-64 by sex
• Unemployment rate for age group 15-64 by sex
• Unemployed young population for age group 15-24
  by sex
• Unemployment rate for young population for age
  group 15-24 by sex (MDG)

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Economic characteristics

• Occupation
• Employed population by occupation (ISCO Level 1)
  and sex
• of employed population by occupation (ISCO
  Level 1) and sex
• Industry
• Employed population by industry ( ISIC Level 1)
  and sex
• of employed population by industry ( ISIC Level
  1) and sex
• Share of women in wage employment in
  non-agricultural sector (MDG)

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Economic characteristics

• Status in employment
• Number of employees by sex
• Number of employers by sex
• Number of own-account workers by sex
• Number of contributing family workers by sex
• of employees by sex
• of employers by sex
• of own-account workers by sex
• of contributing family workers by sex

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Disability characteristics

• Population with disabilities
• Prop. of population with disabilities
• Population with walking disability
• Population with seeing disability
• Population with hearing disability
• Population with cognition disability
• Prop. of population with walking disability in
  total population
• Prop. of population with seeing disability in
  total population
• Prop. of population with hearing disability in
  total population
• Prop. of population with cognition disability in
  total population

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Disability characteristics

• Population with disabilities by age groups (0-14,
  15-64, 65)
• Prop. of population with disabilities at age
  group (0-14) in total population of (0-14)
• Prop. of population with disabilities at age
  group (15-64) in total population (15-64)
• Prop. of population with disabilities at age
  group (65) in total population (65)

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Housing topics

• Type of living quarters (MDG)
• Number of conventional dwellings
• Number of other types of housing unit
• Number of collective living quarters
• Prop. of conventional dwellings in total living
  quarters
• Prop. of other types of housing unit in total
  living quarters
• Prop. of collective living quarters in total
  living quarters
• Prop of population living in conventional
  dwellings
• Prop. of population living in other types of
  housing unit
• Prop of population living in collective quarters

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Housing topics

• Occupancy status
• Number of occupied dwellings
• Number of vacant dwellings
• Prop. of occupied dwellings in total dwellings
• Prop. of vacant dwellings in total dwellings
• Type of Ownership
• Number of owner-occupied housing units
• Prop. of owner-occupied housing units in total
  housing units
• Rooms
• Average number of rooms total, urban, rural

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Housing topics

• Water Supply System
• Number of housing units with piped water inside
  the unit from the community scheme
• Number of housing units with piped water inside
  the unit from an individual source
• Number of housing units with no piped water
• Prop. of housing units with piped water inside
  the unit from the community scheme in total
  housing units
• Prop. of housing units with piped water inside
  the unit from an individual source in total
  housing units
• Prop. of housing units with no piped water in
  total housing units
• Prop. of population using piped water inside
  the unit from the community scheme in total
  housing units
• Prop. population using piped water inside the
  unit from an individual source in total housing
  units
• Prop. population with no piped water in total
  housing units

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Housing topics

• Main source of drinking water (MDG)
• Number of housing units with sustainable access
  to safe drinking water
• Population with access to safe drinking water
• Pro. of housing units with sustainable access to
  safe drinking water
• Prop. of population with access to safe drinking
  water
• Sustainable access to safe drinking water
  defined as piped water, public tap, borehole,
  protected dug well, protected spring, properly
  collected rainwater and bottled water.

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Housing topics

• Type of Toilet
• Number of housing units with toilet within
  housing unit
• Prop. of housing units with toilet within
  housing unit in total housing units
• Sewage disposal (MDG)
• Number of housing units with improved sanitation
  facility
• Prop. of housing units with improved sanitation
  facility in total housing units
• Population using improved sanitation facility
• Prop. of population using improved sanitation
  facility
• Improved sanitation facility defined as a piped
  system connected to a public sewage disposal
  plant and a piped system connected to an
  individual sewage disposal system (septic tank,
  cesspool)

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Housing topics

• Bathing Facilities
• Number of housing units with fixed bath or shower
  within the housing unit
• Prop.of housing units with fixed bath or shower
  within the housing unit in total housing units
• Availability of kitchen
• Number of housing units with kitchen or
  kitchenette within housing unit
• Prop. of housing units with kitchen or
  kitchenette within housing unit in total housing
  units

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Housing topics

• Fuel used for cooking (MDG)
• Number of housing units with solid fuels (coal,
  firewood, charcoal, animal dung, crop residues,
  etc.) for cooking
• Prop. of housing units with solid fuels for
  cooking
• Population using solid fuels for cooking
• Prop. of population using solid fuels for
  cooking
• Type of lighting
• Number of housing units with electricity for
  lighting
• Prop. of housing units with electricity for
  lighting
• Population using electricity for lighting
• Prop. of population using electricity for
  lighting
• Main type of solid waste disposal
• Number of housing units with solid waste
  collected by authorities
• Pro. of housing units with solid waste collected
  by authorities

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Metadata for the indicators

• Metadata includes descriptive information about
  the context, definition, quality and condition,
  or characteristics of the data/indicators
• Possible components for census indicators
• Definition
• Data source
• Method
• Classification
• Disaggregation
• Comments and limitation

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Metadata for infant and child mortality rate

• Metadata for infant and child mortality are given
  as example
• Definition
• Infant mortality rate is the probability of a
  child born in a specific year or period dying
  before reaching the age of one. It is expressed
  as per thousand births.
• Child mortality rate is the probability of a
  child born in a specific year or period dying
  before reaching the age of five. It is expressed
  as per thousand births.
• Data source Data on number of infants and
  children died was derived from data collected by
  the question related household deaths in the past
  12 months before the census day. Data on number
  of births was derived from data collected by the
  question on the date of last child born alive.

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Metadata for infant and child mortality rate

• Method Number of infants and children deaths
  were directly taken from the household deaths.
  Number of births were estimated by the last live
  birth occurred in past 12 months before the
  census day multiply by the fraction for multiple
  births in a year. The fraction was calculated by
  using the data on birth history collected in
  Demographic and Health Survey.
• Infant mortality rate was calculated by number
  of infant deaths divided by total number of
  births in the same year and multiplied with 1000.
  Child mortality rate was calculated by number of
  child deaths divided by total number of births in
  the same year and multiplied by 1000.
• Classification Not applicable

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Metadata for infant and child mortality rate

• Disaggregation Infant and child mortality rates
  are given by the country as a whole, regions,
  provinces, municipalities, and urban-rural.
• Comments and limitation Analyses of data on
  household deaths showed that the deaths for old
  population (particularly age 65 and over) are
  under covered, therefore age distribution of
  total deaths and indicators related to general
  level of mortality are not disseminated. OR.
  Total number of deaths by age groups are
  estimated according to age-structure of
  Coale-Demeny model life tables (East model-level
  22).

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