LiDAR

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LiDAR
Can create High resolution DEMs - 10cm Open
gentle terrain - 50cm Forested or steep
terrain The only RS device to record multiple
layers Can record bare earth or vegetation layers
Mostly airborne but some spaceborne
Lidar 3D models http//www.youtube.com/watch?v
f1P42oQHN_Mfeaturerelated
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Applications
Detailed topographic mapping Coastal areas
change / flooding Linear disturbance pipelines,
power lines Geological fault lines Landslides Fore
stry biomass, canopy height, leaf
area Bathymetric depth and surface layer
biomass 3D urban mapping Glacier elevation and
change Atmospheric clouds, gases Most common
wavelength    1064 nm (Near IR) Bathymetric
surveys 532 nm (green)    NRCan
BC forest renewal http//cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite
/wulder/research
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LiDAR
Range (R) recorded as R c t/2 c speed of
light t time for signal to send and return
Data are generated as a cloud of millions of
points
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Early systems recorded only the first
return System threshold separates a real return
from noise
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DEMs
Elephant Butte, New Mexico - Shaded Relief
(Aerometric Inc) Hoover Dam
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vJvauCmPAjuIfeature
related
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TRIM versus LiDAR
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LiDAR ice surfaces
http//gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/glaciology/national/activit
ies_e.php
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Landslides Turtle Mountain
http//www.ags.gov.ab.ca/geohazards/turtle_mountai
n/lidar.html
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Layers in the data cloud N.Coops, UBC
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LiDAR examples California
Coastal terraces
San Andreas Fault
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DEMs Bare Earth and Canopy
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San Andreas Fault zone
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LiDAR vegetation data in 3D ALRF
500m x 500m 1,000,000 points
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Raw Point Files

• For individual tree analysis (FUSION/LDV)

Elevation of lowest point 675.21m
ASL Elevation of highest point 707.87m
ASL Tree Height 32.66m Crown Shape Convex
(umbrella) Crown Footprint 11.55m
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Canopy Surface Model

• Each cell in a canopy surface model details the
  elevation of the highest feature within that cell
• Height is more practical than elevation for
  describing vegetation
• Canopy Height Canopy Surface Bare Earth

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Canopy Surface Model
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Canopy Height Model
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Canopy Surface Model
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Canopy Surface vs Canopy Height
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Tree Stem Maps

• Individual tree crowns are discernable from
  the Canopy Height Model so we developed a tree
  finding algorithm to identify tree stem locations

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Tree Stems (displayed by tree height)
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LiDAR Data (by crown size)

• Vegetation Data Products

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Tree Stems (displayed by crown shape)
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Stand Level Vertical Return Density Schematic of
a 20m x 20m LiDAR Point Cloud 400 Pulses
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Stand Level Vertical Return Density Schematic of
a 20m x 20m LiDAR Point Cloud 400 Pulses
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Stand Level Vertical Return Density Schematic of
a 20m x 20m LiDAR Point Cloud 400 Pulses
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Discrete return LiDAR vs Waveform
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Ground-based waveform LiDAR
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Ground based radar
http//www-modis.bu.edu/brdf/userguide/publication
s/2008_Alan_etal.pdf
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Ground based LiDAR
http//www.isprs.org/congresses/istanbul2004/comm7
/papers/122.pdf
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http//www.northway-photomap.com/lp01_ground_based
_lidar.php London Lidar http//www.youtube.com
/watch?vxFlO1-yGVjgNR1
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Profiling LiDAR
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LiDAR technology overview http//carms.geog.uvic
.ca/LiDAR20Web20Docs/LiDAR20paper20june202006
.pdf Airborne Laser Scanning (U.
Idaho) http//classes.css.wsu.edu/soils374/ppt/li
dar2.pdf LiDAR in forestry workshop http//www.
softree.com/articles/LiDARWorkshop.pdf