Control and Coordination

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Control and Coordination

• The Senses

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• Light rays, sound waves, heat, chemicals or
  pressure in your environment stimulate your sense
  organs

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• Five senses
• Vision - Light stimulates rods (dim light) and
  cones (colors) and sends impulse to brain.
  Sometimes you can confuse the brain with
  illusions like these.

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• Hearing Parts of the Ear and how we hear
• a. Outer ear - gathers sound waves
• b. Middle ear eardrum vibrates and stimulates
  (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
• c. Inner ear fluids in
• the cochlea vibrate and
• send impulse to brain

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• 3-4. Smell and Taste work closely together
• Molecules in air stimulate nerve cells -
  olfactory cells in nasal passages and taste buds
  on tongue

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• 5. Touch - found in organs and skin and pick up
  changes in pressure, pain, and temperature

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Control and Coordination

• The Nervous System

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• Nervous system
• receives and responds to information about what
  happens inside and outside of body
• Stimulus - any change that brings about a
  response (reaction)
• maintains homeostasis

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• Neuron cell that carries information (nerve
  impulse) through the body
• Has three parts
• - Cell body (C) contains nucleus
• - Dendrites (B) carries impulse toward cell
  body
• - Axon (A) carries impulse away from cell body

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• Three types of neurons
• Sensory neuron receives information from senses
• Interneuron carries impulse from sensory neuron
  to motor neuron
• Motor neuron sends impulse to muscle for action

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• How impulses travel
• - Nerve cells do not touch
• Synapse - a space between nerve cells
• When an impulse reaches the end of an axon, a
  chemical is released that moves across the
  synapse to the dendrite of the next neuron

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• Central nervous system (CNS) - made up of brain
  and spinal cord
• The brain is the control center of the body

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• Brain
• Cerebrum - interprets impulses from senses,
  processes thoughts, stores memories, and controls
  movement

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• 2. Cerebellum coordination and balance

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• 3. Brain stem - controls involuntary muscles
  (ex. heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure)

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Spinal cord - links brain with peripheral nervous
system. Controls reflexes. Protected by
vertebrae.
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• Peripheral nervous system (PNS) nerves branch
  from CNS (brain/spinal cord) to body

• Somatic N.S voluntary actions
• - Autonomic N.S involuntary actions (reflexes)

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• Drugs like alcohol and caffeine affect your
  nervous system
• Alcohol slows the activities of the central
  nervous system
• Caffeine speeds up the activity of the central
  nervous system

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• Olny srmat poelpe can
• I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty
  uesdnatnrd what I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal
  pweor of the huamn mnid, aoccdrnig to rscheearch
  at Cmabridge Uinervtisy, is it deosnt mttaer in
  what order the ltteers in a word are, the only
  iprmoatnt thing is that the frist and lsat ltteer
  be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl
  mses and you can still raed it wouthit a porbelm.
  This is bcuseae the haumn mnid deos not raed
  ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
  Amzanig huh? Yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling
  was ipmorantt!!
• 1. Why is it that the human brain is able to
  read the above passage?
• 2. What do you think the above passage says
  about the importance of spelling words correctly
  for human understanding?
• 3. Do you think your language arts teachers
  would be swayed into believing that spelling is
  unnecessary in their class? Why or why not?

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• Title Reaction Time
• Purpose To determine reaction time by measuring
  how long you take to catch a falling ruler.
• Procedure During two separate tests, you will
  catch a falling ruler released by your classmate
  using your thumb and forefinger. In one test,
  you will focus on catching the ruler. In the
  other, you will be distracted with doing
  multiplication in your head while trying to catch
  the ruler.
• Hypothesis Will your reaction time be faster
  during normal conditions or distracted
  conditions? Why? ___________
• _____________________________

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• Conclusions
• What is meant by reaction time?
• What is your average reaction time in seconds
  under normal conditions (no distraction)? Under
  distracted conditions?
• Under which condition (undistracted or
  distracted) was your average reaction time
  shorter? Why do you think this happened?
• Does any student have a reaction time of zero?
  Why might this be an unusual thing?
• What is the stimulus in this experiment? What is
  the response?