Exercise testing

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Exercise testing
Exercise Physiology
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on
Ability to do exercise using high rate of oxygen
consumption (VO2 max, VO2peak, etc.)
Aerobic ability
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on
Ability to exercise at an intensity that exceeds
maximal (peak) oxygen consumption (30-s peak PO,
supramax. tests, etc.)
Anaerobic ability
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on
Ability to sustain submaximal aerobic exercise
for an extended time (6- and 12-min walk, 1 mile
walk, etc.)
Endurance
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on
Ability to do unsustained work against a high
resistance (MVC, peak torque, max. number
repetitions, etc.)
Strength
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on
Ability to move joints through a prescribed range
of motion (sit-and-reach distances, goniometry,
etc.)
Flexibility
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on
Ability to do activities that require
coordination and skill (gait analysis, balance,
coordination, etc.)
Neuromuscular skills
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on
Ability to do specific physical activities of
daily living (sit-and-stand scores, timed walk,
etc.)
Functional performance
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Exercise testing
Measurement of body reactions (eventually
adaptation) of different body systems in
dependence on stress (exercise)
Fitness assessment
Measurement of efficiency to perform and repeat
the best achievement
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Measured parameters
Load W, W/kg age, gender, health statute,
weight
Energy output kcal 1 km 70-80 kcal run,
walk
Time s., minute, hour - duration
Speed m/s-1, km/hour
Elevation ,
Distance m, km
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Ideal exercise test
1. Easy designed

• a general general performance
• b specific specific performance

3. Safe
4. Valid do we measure what we really want to?
5. Objective no other impacts on result
6. Reliability and reproducibility
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Justification of exercise testing
Why perform exercise testing? - INDICATION
Diagnosis
Intervention assessment (therapy, training)
Exercise programming and training
Prognostic
Research
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Justification of exercise testing
Why do not perform exercise testing? -
CONTRAINDICATION
ABSOULTE
- Acute illness (heart stroke, fever), major
hypertension (240/120), etc.
RELATIVE
- After heart stroke, some defects of heart
valves, etc.
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Splitting of tests
According to place
a) Laboratory tests
b) Field tests
According to applied load
a) Maximal (incremental tests)
b) Sub-maximal (usually constant workload)
b) Supra-maximal (Wingate test)
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Laboratory field tests
Laboratory tests
Advantages
- Accurate determination of load
- Standard laboratory conditions
Disadvantages

• Different movement stereotype (rower, canoeist
  on bicycle?)
• worse achievement

• Nervousness from new (unknown) conditions
• -worse achievement

- Transformation of results into field conditions

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Laboratory field tests
Field tests
Advantages
- Known conditions athletic stadium, ice ring,
sport hall, etc.
- Identical movement stereotype
- Direct use in training
Disadvantages

• Relatively inaccurate determination of power

- The problem of accurate measurement
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Maximal submaximal tests
Maximal tests
Advantages
- Direct assessment of maximal capacity of
organism
Disadvantages
- Dependence on will and motivation of proband
- Risk factor
- Restriction before competition
- Small changes of monitored parameters due to
training in very high trained
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Maximal submaximal tests
Sub-maximal tests
Advantages
- Safer
- Lower dependence on tested person (more
comfortable)
- Bigger changes of monitored parameters due to
training
- Restriction before competition
Disadvantages
- Often based on estimation (presumption) of
HRmax, etc. worse accuracy
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The type and sources of stress
1. Dynamic
- Individual movement (knee-bend, etc.)
- Steps (Step test)
- Ergometer bicycle, treadmill, arm crank
ergometer, ladder
2. Static
- Dynamometer (handgrip, etc.)
3. Other
- electric, pharmacological, cold, hypoxic,
psychological, change of body position (laying
standing), deep breathing, cough, etc.
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The conditions in exercise laboratory
1. Enviroment
- Calm (few persons)
- Air circulation (ACE)
- Temperature (18-22C), humidity 40-60
2. Equipment
- calibration, functionality
3. Safeness
- Emergency (phone number)
- Presence of physician, defibrillator, drogs
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The conditions in exercise laboratory
4. Tested person
- Healthy
- Avoid drinking coffee, alcohol and smoking (at
least 12 hours before)
- At least 2 hours after food intake
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Bicycle ergometer treadmill
Bicykle ergometer
- more in Europe ?
- mechanical efficiency 20 25

• W (load) resistance (mechanical,
  electromagnetical)
• revolutions/min (50 70)

Advantages
- space, noise, accuracy of set load
- easer and safer making
- taking of blood sample, measurement of blood
pressure.
Disadvantages
- calibration, engagement of smaller muscle mass,
lack of familiarity
- lover oxygen consumption, lover HR , etc.
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Bicycle ergometer treadmill
Treadmill
- more in USA, Canada ?
- mechanical efficiency no more than 15

• W (load) speed (km/hour)
• elevation (, )

Advantages
- natural movement, only one possibility for
children
- engagement of most muscle mass
- achievement of real maximum (higher O2
consumption, HR)
Disadvantages
- space demands, noise
- risk of fall, problems of measurement of BP and
blood sample
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