Nationalism and Ultranationalism

1
Chapter 6

• Nationalism and Ultranationalism
• (pages 136 157)
• To What Extent Should We
• Embrace Nationalism?
• - October Crisis, Quebec 1970

2
CHAPTER ISSUETo What Extent Can Nationalism
Lead to Ultranationalism? (pg 137)

• Key Terms
• Ultranationalism
• Propaganda
• Appeasement
• Conscription

3
Ultranationalism

• An extreme form of nationalism. Ultranationalists
  are fanatically loyal to their own nation and
  hostile/racist towards other nations.
• When does nationalism become ultra-nationalism?

4
Russian Ultranationalism

• The Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, resulting
  in Russia and 14 other republics.
• The transition was difficult and was made worse
  by unemployment, poverty, along with drastic
  social changes. This triggered extreme
  nationalistic feelings among the different ethnic
  groups of Russia.

5
Russia Under Stalin

• Up until the early 1900s Russia was an absolute
  monarchy.
• The Russian Revolution of 1918 resulted in the
  assassination of the czar and royal family. The
  nation was recovering from the effects of WWI and
  they were forced into a civil war which brought
  on more suffering.

6
By 1928 Joseph Stalin was the Communist leader of
Russia

• He took control of all privately owned land and
  created collective farms that were owned by the
  state.
• Those who opposed were executed and approximately
  5 million people were deported to forced-labour
  camps in Siberia or Central Asia.

7
Stalin

• He wanted to assimilate the 100 different ethnic
  groups to conform with Soviet nationalism.
• When the Ukrainian population objected, their
  crops were confiscated and over 10 million
  starved to death in the 1930s.
• Stalin also banned the use of the Ukrainian
  language in public.

8

Propaganda
Cold War Propaganda
9
The War on Terror
10
Anti-American Propaganda
11
Propaganda

• Information and ideas that are spread to achieve
  a specific goal. The information and ideas are
  often misleading and dishonest.
• Extreme nationalists use propaganda to manipulate
  strong human emotions, mainly fear and insecurity
  and persuade people to behave in a certain way.

12
Propaganda Then

• Adolf Hitler
• Blamed the Jews for Germanys hardship
• after WWI. He was responsible for the
• deaths of millions of innocent civilians
• during WWII.
• Convinced the German people that they
• were the superior race and would
• someday rule the world.
• Censored radio, newspapers and freedom
• of speech to control the type of
• information the German people were
• receiving.

13
and now

• George Bush
• Blamed Saddam Hussein for Sept 11, invaded
• Iraq killing thousands of innocent civilians.
• Convinced the American people that Iraq had
• weapons of mass destruction so that he could
• invade that country to take control of their vast
  
• oil supply.
• Ensures that the media (i.e. CNN) only have
• access to certain information. Always depicting
• the American invasion of Iraq in a positive
  light,
• only giving one side of the story.

14
When a Country is in Crisis

• In times of drought, famine, depression,
• anger, fear and war it is easier for a leader
• to unite his/her people. Leaders will use
• propaganda to blame another country, race
• or organization in order to achieve their own
• hidden agenda (i.e. power, wealth, land,
• resources, etc.).
• - See the activity on pg. 142-143 on
• Assessing the Validity of Information

15
Countries in Crisis

• Germany after WWI (1920s)
• Their Government was in turmoil
• The Great Depression of 1929
• High National Debt
• Extreme Inflation
• German money was almost worthless
• High Unemployment
• The citizens of Germany were desperate to find a
  leader that could pull them out of who could
  solve the countrys problems

16
Adolf Hitler

• Started the Nationalist Socialist German Workers
  Party (The Nazi Party).
• He began to gain support and after several failed
  attempts he was elected to lead Germany in 1933.
• He dissolved the parliament and started the Nazi
  Reich (or empire) and declared himself the
  dictator.
• Freedom of the press and freedom of assembly were
  suspended and postal, telegraph and telephone
  communications were no longer private.

17
Countries in Crisis

• Japan after WWI
• The Great Depression limited trade to North
  America and Europe.
• 1932 massive crop failures caused famine
  throughout the country.
• The USA, Canada and Australia banned Japanese
  immigrants.
• By 1937 the military controlled Japans
  government and they were at war with China
• Military leaders brought back traditional warrior
  values and created a cult around the emperor,
  Hirohito.

18
Charismatic Leaders

• Adolf Hitler in Germany (pg.145)
• Hirohito and Tojo in Japan
• Were all untranationalist leaders who used
  propaganda to transform their countries from
  defeated, poverty- stricken nations to
  power-houses on the world scale.
• They controlled the education system, the media
  and the communication systems.
• - Check out the Spinbuster (pg 146) Analyzing
  Propaganda

19
Ultranationalist Values in Germany

• The Master Race was called on to build an
  Empire.
• Wanted to rid the population of socialists, Jews,
  Roma (gypsies), homosexuals and people with
  disabilities.
• History books were re-written and from elementary
  to university students were taught these values.
• Kristallnaught - (night of broken glass) where
  gangs of Nazis destoyed Jewish property and
  assaulted them.
• The Nazis passed laws taking away all rights from
  the Jewish people. They could no longer own
  property, go to school, work as professionals,
  have a drivers license.
• Wherever they burn books, they will also,
• in the end, burn human beings.
• - Heinrich Heine

20
Ultranationlist Values in Japan

• Like the Nazis they wanted to return to their
  mythical values of the past.
• Believed that they were a superior race and
  should dominate other countries.
• Western books, ideas and values were scorned and
  the ideals of Nazi Germany were praised.
• The Japanese religion, Shinto, was used to unite
  the people around the Emperor.
• Kamikaze Pilots crashed their planes into
  Allied ships when once they new that they were
  losing the war.

21
How Have People Responded to Ultranationalism?

• Appeasement
• - giving into demands
• - this was the policy used by the USA and
  Britain when Hitler began to invade other
  European countries in 1933.
• see Fig 6-15 on page 149 to see the expansion of
  
• Germany between 1933-1939
• Do you think that appeasement was the decision
  in 1933?
• What does 20/20 hindsight mean?

22
(No Transcript)