Soc. 100 C9 Racial

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Soc. 100 C9 Racial Ethnic Stratification
Edited 3/09/03
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Soc. 100 C9 Race
Race, Ethnic, Gender and, Age Stratification
0. Introduction Experiences "Eye of
the Storm" Bogardus Recurrent
Themes 1. Social definitions of raceSome Basics
concepts Minorities and Subsocietys 2.
Patterns of intergroup relations 3. Race and
Ethnic History in America-changing patterns 4.
Explaining Racial Inequility Theories of racial
inequality 5. Racial inequality and Political
action 6. Current Race and Ethnic inequality in
US
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0. Introduction
Experiences
1. Movie "A Class Divided" thought questions
2. Social Distance Survey in
workbook "Bogardus Social
Distance Scale" 3. Is there a difference
between race, ethnicity and gender
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(1) What is (are) the source(s) of racism
according to this movie?(2) What are the
behavioral effects of racism?(3) What are the
psychological effects of racism?(4) Is language
related to racism, if so how?(5) Is it possible
to change racism? (If yes how?)(6) How does
racism limit behavior(7) How is social
structure related to racism?(8) What is
institutional racism?
Group Discussion "Eye of The Storm" and "A Class
Divided"1
Discuss these in your group, write up an answer
for 1-6 and turn in.
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Group Discussion "Eye of The Storm" and "A Class
Divided" 2
(9) How does racism compare to sexism. (10) How
is perception related to racism. (11) How are
perceptions and expectations related to
racism? (12) Should/could all schools (K-12 )
perform the color exercise?
Why or why not? (13) Would the
experiment work with college students
and other adults?
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US Ethnicity 1990 Census
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CSUB Ethnic Distribution F96
Chart 3 Pie Chart for Ethnic Distribution CSUB
Students Fall 97
Thanks to Dr. Terry Dunn of the CSUB planning
office
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CSUB Ethnicity W 99

• Cumulative
• Ethnicity Freq Freq
• American Indian 74 1.3 75 1.3
• Asian,PI,Filipino 303 5.4 378 6.8
• African American 350 6.3 728 13.0
• Mexican American 1294 23.2 2022 36.2
• Other Latino 211 3.8 2233 40.0
• White 2772 49.7 5005 89.6
• Non-Resident Alien 120 2.1 5125 91.8
• Unknown 458 8.2 5583 100.0

Click here for current CSUB numbers
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Recent Racism and recurrent themes
1. Ghettos and "white" flight Jewish ghettos
in Europe ethnic enclaves in US 2. Why the
differences "Nature (push) vs. Pull (pull)
explanations" e.g. IQ WWI Jews made
lowest on Army Alpha 1920's Polish had
average IQ 83 Today Jews
and Poles have above 100 IQ Black youngsters
have low IQs
Racism (popular use) equivalent to the biological
species differences
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1. Social definitions of race Some Basics
concepts
Germany Arian race (genetic?), Hutu Tutsi
(height), Irish (religion?)
race people who are seen and see themselves as
different because of characteristics assumed
biological, inherited racism a belief, a
world view (religious?) that another group
is inferior to ones own group ethnic group
people who are seen and see themselves as
different because of their cultural heritage-a
subsociety minority (social) people singled
out for perceived biological or cultural
differences for unequal differential treatment
---discrimination, race, ethnicity, religion,
gender majority (social) people who have and
control access to social rewards and
benefits and exclude outsiders
Race(ism) "biological", Ethnicity cultural,
Minority power
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Minority Group Characteristics
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A people who are identified (physical or
cultural) for unequal treatment
1. disadvantaged excluded from society (vote,
jobs, education.) 2. Low esteem perception of
majority thus they are held in
suspicion, contempt, hatred.... 3. Involuntary
it is an ascribed status 4. self conscious
they see themselves as a people apart
(subsociety) and frequently have self
perception of low esteem
1. Wirth, Lewis 1945 cited in GL text
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Subsociety
Not text
Gordon defined an ethnic group as a subsociety' a
network of institutions, organizations, informal
associations that encourage individuals to stay
within the group for all primary and many
secondary interactions
4 Dimensions of a subsociety (1) ethnicity (2)
social class (3) region (mass media has
decreased the importance) (4) rural-urban(mass
media has decreased the importance)
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From Gordon, Milton Assimilation in American Life
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Possible intergroup relations
pluralism society with diversity, mutual
respect e.g.
Switzerland (Schwyzertush, French, Italians,
Romanish) distinctive
cultures equality amalgamation, "melting pot"
blending of distinctive
cultures to form new culture
and genetic base e.g.
Brazil, class distinctions(land ownership)
but race distinction. Result
genetic/cultural blend assimilation ,
ethnic racial minorities are absorbed
e.g. China Cultural European immigrants
to U.S.(pattern 1,2,3)
symbolic ethnicity --third generation
Structural admission to business,
professional, government Primary
acceptance to cliques, friendships-marriage confl
ict two or more groups vie for power
e.g. Israel, Ireland,
South Africa, U.S., Bosnia-Serbia...) Exploitation
,Colonization,slavery, segregation
colonization, treatment of one group as
property (rationalized)
S. Africa, U.S. conflictannihilation
(genocide) Ireland, Bosnians, Nazi
Germany, Native Americans, Australian Aborigines
Sociologist argue Multiculturalism promotes
tolerance
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types/stages of assimilation
(1) cultural or behavioral assimilation
(acculturation), behavior id with majority
culture (2) structural assimilation large
scale participation, primary level in
cliques, clubs of dominant group (3) Marital
assimilation (amalgamation) (4) Identification
assimilation development of sense of peoplehood
based on dominant group (5) attitudinal
redemptional assimilation absence of
prejudice (6) behavioral-receptional
assimilation absence of discrimination
Ethclas Social space delineated by the
intersection of vertical dimension of ethnicity
and the horizontal dimension of social class
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From Gordon, Milton Assimilation in American Life
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3. Race and Ethnic History in America
Settlement- English Protestant foundation
Expansion - Conquest/Genocide 2-3 mil to
250,000)
Agricultural development-slavery/segregation
Industrial
development-Immigration
Making of the Ghetto
Nativism, WASP 3/4 of population at time of
declaration of independence. Wanted to protect
their culture from immigrant influence.
"This great continent could not have been kept as
nothing but a game reserve for squalid
savages"
Theodore Roosevelt Annihilation/moves of
native population, War with Mexico
Agriculture and importation of Africans
institutionalized slavery
text page 229-332
Industrialization, European immigration,
urbanization
Common life for new immigrant but not for Blacks
until 1900 plus by 1940 most
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Some Cross-cultural examples and issues in racism
Cross-cultural Former Yugoslavia (p313-315)
South Africa ( apartheid-p324-326 ) Brundi
Africa (p323, 326) OLD USSR 93 groups (
ethnicity, religious, conflict )
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Apartheid----South Africa
"Separate
development" Text --page 324-326 Structure
(not all in text) Current
Category of Population of Land
Infant Mortality Expectancy Whites
15 86
4 / 1000
70 Asians 3
-- 49 /
1000 Colored 9
-- 49 /
1000 Africans 74
14 61 / 1000
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• 1990 F. W. de Klerk lifted ANC ban, released
  nelson Mandella
• Legal structure of apartheid dismantled, racial
  classification abandoned
• Some of poorest now have electricity, black
  businesses increasing
• Whites still UC and Africans etc LC with wide
  differences in homes, education, work
  possibilities due to years of apartheid

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4(a). Explaining Racial Inequility Theories
of racial inequality
1. Biology--innate IQ 2. Prejudice
and discrimination 3. Institutionalized
racism--red lining, last hired -first fired
4. Systemic racism --early educational
opportunities lead
to less higher Ed and less job
opportunity 5. Race or
Class -- which is more determining factor
The IQ issue The Bell Curve controversy what
do IQ tests measure? Europe vs. US notions on
IQ (nature vs nurture) Rural vs. Urban,
Northern vs. Southern (differences in IQ)
Immigrants Irish, Jews and Polish (yesterday
low-today high) Adoptions by WASP UC hi IQ
families (Ups expected IQ-not in text)
Crossculturally minorities score low yet improves
in equal setting SOCIQ--PUSH------------PULL
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More concepts in race relations
Race(ism) biological, Ethnicity cultural,
Minority power Prejudice (attitude),
Stereotype (over generalized attitude) Discrimina
tion (behavior) personal
institutional
systemic
personnel/individual discrimination

• California Alien Act (1913)specified foreign
  born could
• not own property and US law stating
• no citizenship for Japanese,
• reading requirement for voting with knowledge
  this
• mostly effected blacks
• Bank redlining safe investment not overtly
• discrimination

-text page 339
residential discrimination --educational
discrimination --job discrimination (employer or
college not purposely discriminating but effect
same)
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Systemic Discrimination
New
Zebra Oil
Cultural Prejudice
China Many cultures see themselves as "the
people"
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Race or Class

• Is the significance of race declining
• Wilson --- yes its part of social class,
  
• (1) laws now limit formal discrimination and
• (2) affirmative action aids in rights
• (3)cumulative effects of poverty are now the
  major
• Current problems are due to
• Change in Ghetto (e.g. Chicago, see C8)
• The Declining Significance of Race
• The Truly Disadvantaged W. J Wilson
• Massey Willie ---- no, the significance of race
  is increasing
• color blind programs not defeat stereotypes
• (e.g. Welfare queen)

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Three Theories of assimilation in US
Not in text

(1) Angelo Conformity (2) Melting pot (3)
Cultural Pluralism
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From Gordon, Milton Assimilation in American Life
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5. Fighting Racial inequality Political action
WW II The American Dilemma Myrdal 1944 pointed to
contradictions constitution and behavior
1954 Brown vs. Board of Education
-rejected separate but equal
1956 Rosa Parks arrest in Montgomery
Alabama -first
of civil rights demonstrations 1964
Civil Rights act banning public discrimination
--gave access to hotels,
restaurants, buses.. 1965 Voting Rights
act -banned race related
voting discrimination 1968 ban against
discrimination in housing Affirmative
Action policies (p342-343) designed to open
jobs and education goals voluntary---quota
s reaction from acceptance to seeing reverse
discrimination Neglect of enforcement by Regan
administration Reject for college admission CA
and TX in 98 Current find agreement with goals
disagree on means
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6. Current Race and Ethnic inequality in US
income, education, labor text345
(a) Black Americans (b) Latino/Hispanic
Americans Mexican,
Puerto Ricans, Cubans,
Latin Americans (c) Native Americans (d)
Asian Americans (highly diverse)
Chinese ABC FOB's Japanese
Filipinos Indians
Thais etc. (Laotians,
Vietnamese, Hmong.............)
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(a) Black Americans--is their status improving?
29mil in pop
by almost every measure (education, income,
health, political participation) better off
then 50 years ago a. Politics--significant
gains -- elected officials 1970- 1500, 1990-
7,500 -- almost every office except VP and
president -- blacks even elected in white
majority areas (WV, NY) b. economic--mixed
-- 1940-1970 prosperity X move rural
South--urban North -- by 1970 per capita
income 6X higher then 1940 --- but with
economy in 70s plus progress stalled --- In
80s Regan years the gap increased
1986 45 B children lived in "poor" households
1987 median diff income W 30,809 --B
17,604 c. education 1960 W 10.9 vs. B 8.0 /
1987 W 12.7 vs. B 12.4 (other negatives
-dropouts, inner-city schools, College ) d.
residential segregation still high--ghetto poor
further behind e. health is better for Blacks
--still worse all categories
Why better Residential expected in next
census (1) attitude change (2) Fair housing
laws (3) New developments are open (4) Blacks can
now afford better
Not in text
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1. National Research Council 1989 findings BGL
4th Ed
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(b) Latino/Hispanic Americans--22.3 mill in pop
63 are Mexican Americans, others Cubans,
Latinos, Puerto
Ricans) This is the 2nd largest ethnic minority
11 of pop
a. fastest growing California group (by 2000
largest minority 12 due to
immigration and fertility) b. Mexican Americans
(65) middle of Hispanic strata, , SW
1987 income 65 of national average
19,326 c. Puerto Ricans (10) bottom of strata
, live NY 1986 50 of
national average income 14,584 d. Cubans ( 4
) hi status. live in Miami area
1986 70 of national average income
21,000 e. Others (21) various immigrants from
South America
Needs detail
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(c) Native Americans-2 mil in population
Diverse - many groups, 354 nations p349,
350 1990 2 million Poorest of all US minorities
(Ed, health-shortest life span, residence, income
(30 unemployed, 1/3 and recovery (chart p329), 1988 Indian gaming law
(1/3 tribes operate), political
activism History Income, education. labor (p311)
US is a settler society like Canada, Australia
but unlike others the major minority was not
native (native Americans) but blacks, brought in
as slaves
Needs detail
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(d) Asian Americans--10 mil in population
Small of total, fastest growing group 123
1980-1990 Highly diverse, dozens of different
cultures History Early
immigrants 1850-1900's unskilled labor
-1924 oriental exclusion act
Chinatowns
-W.W.II 12,000 Japanese incarceration by US
Second immigration 1965, immigration
act ended -national
quotas, relations and skills,political
became preferential
criteria. SES This group has the
highest (Ed., Prof. Occ.) Why?
(1) Immigration policy--only
highly skilled
(2) Cultural values-Ed, work, family, values
Stereotype Asians seen as "Model Minority"--not
all fit

(Hmong)
Needs detail
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Study TopicsGoals

• The idea is to be able to briefly present in your
  own words
• 1. A summary of the general point or points of
  the text section
• 2. The meaning of basic terms used in the text
  section
• 3. The basic concepts and theories of the text
  section
• 4. Apply the concepts and theories to now
  observations

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RACE AND ETHNICITY STUDY TOPICS CHAPTER 9

• 1. RACE, ETHNICITY, MINORITY GROUPS p XXX
• 2. PATTERNS OF INTERGROUP RELATIONS p XXX
• 3. EXPLAINING RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE US p XXX
• 4. CLASS SUMMARY
• Topics US HISTORY AND CHANGING PATTERNS,
  FIGHTING RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE US, RACE AND
• ETHNIC INEQUALITY IN THE US TODAY, APARTHEID.

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1. RACE, ETHNICITY, MINORITY GROUPS p XXX

• Topics Introduction, The social definition of
  Race, Ethnicity, and minority group
• Terms Race, ethnicity, minority group, majority
  group

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2. PATTERNS OF INTERGROUP RELATIONS p XXX

• Topics Amalgamation, Assimilation, Pluralism,
  Exploitation, Ethnic conflict
• Terms Amalgamation, assimilation, pluralism,
  exploitation, cultural assimilation, structural
  assimilation, primary assimilation, symbolic
  assimilation, multiculturalism, segregation,
  colonization, slavery, genocide, ethnocentrism

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3. EXPLAINING RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE US p XXX

• Topics Innate differences, Prejudice and
  discrimination, Institutional racism, Race or
  Class
• Terms Prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination,
  self fulfilling prophecy, racism, institutional
  racism

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4. CLASS SUMMARY Topics

• Topics US HISTORY AND CHANGING PATTERNS,
  FIGHTING RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE US, RACE AND
  ETHNIC INEQUALITY IN THE US TODAY, APARTHEID.
• Terms Apartheid, affirmative action, WASP,
  nativism

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Thought Questions

• 1.Some sociologists argue that race and ethnicity
  do not really exist, that is, all classifications
  of race and ethnicity are arbitrary and
  incorrect. How could this claim be made and
  supported?
• 2.What does cultural extinction (a culture ceases
  to exist) mean in terms of the people of that
  culture? How does this differ from genocide?

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Assignment A05/6 Sample data
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A Class Divided Quiz
Dont Print
(1) Geographically where did A Class Divided
occur ___ (2) What happened to students test
ability when they wore a collar ___________
(3) What is the source of racism according to
the movie ___________ (4) Name one
psychological effect of the movie
___________ (5) Can the technique used in the
film on children be used on adults to teach
the effects of racism ______ (6) What was the
occurrence that led to the teacher
developing the technique in the movie ___________
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A Class Divided Quiz Answers
Dont Print
(1) Geographically where did A Class Divided
occur Riceville Iowa (2) What happened to
students test ability when they wore a
collar decreased, not as good (3) What is the
source of racism according to the movie
socialization, social institutions (4) Name one
psychological effect of the movie poor self
image, anger, hurt, (5) Can the technique used
in the film on children be used on adults
to teach the effects of racism yes (6) What was
the occurrence that led to the teacher
developing the technique in the movie Death
of M.L. King
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Quiz C9 Questions
1. Name one of the 4 characteristic of a minority
group according to Lewis Wirth. 2. In
Switzerland four distinctive cultures
(Schwyzertush, French, Italians, Romanish) live
with mutual respect and equal treatment . What
is this social pattern called? 3. What, 5
years ago, was the pattern of race relations
pattern in South Africa called? 4.
Which US Latino/Hispanic group has the lowest SES
(status,education, wealth, health...)? 5. What
is a negative attitude held by one against an
ethnic or racial group called? 6. What type of
assimilation did white Europeans immigrating to
the US exhibit? 7. What type of assimulation
has large scale participation including primary
level participation in cliques and clubs of the
dominant group called? 8. Which religious
religious group is under attack by
Bosinia/Serbia? 9. What are programs designed
to open educational and job opportunities to
minorities called? 10. Which category of
immigrants is stereotypically referred to as a
"Model Minority"? 11. Which
immigration group is growing the fastest?
Dont Print
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Quiz C9 Answers
1. Name one of the 4 characteristic of a minority
group according to Lewis Wirth. disadvantaged,
held in low esteem, involuntary,self
conscious 2. In Switzerland four distinctive
cultures (Schwyzertush, French, Italians,
Romanish) live with mutual respect and equal
treatment . What is this social pattern called?
Egalitarian pluralism, multiculturism 3. What 5
years ago was the pattern of race relations
pattern in South Africa is called? apartheid 4.
Which US Latino/Hispanic group has the lowest SES
(status,education, wealth, health...)? Puerto
Ricans 5. What is a negative attitude held by
one against an ethnic or racial group called?
Prejudice, racism(?), stereotype 6. What type of
assimilation did white Europeans immigrating to
the US exhibit? cultural, structural, primary
7. What type of assimulation is large scale
participation including primary level
participation in cliques, clubs of the dominant
group called? structural assimilation 8. What
are programs designed to open educational and job
opportunities to minorities called?
Affirmative action 9. Which category of
immigrants is stereotypically referred to as a
"Model Minority"? Asians 10. (On Back) According
to "Eye of The Storm" / "A Class Divided, what
are the behavioral effects of racism? 11. Which
immigration group is growing the fastest?
Asians XX. Which religious religious group is
under attack by Bosinia/Serbia? Muslims
Dont Print
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Race/Ethnicity Stratification Glossary

• Nativism (329)
• Pluralism (321)
• Prejudice (336)
• Race (316)
• Racism (316)
• Segregation (323)
• Slavery (322)
• Stereotype (336)
• Systemic Discrimination
• (workbook and institutional racism (339))

• Affirmative action (342)
• Amalgamation (321)
• Assimilation (321)
• Discrimination (336)
• Ethnic group (316)
• Genocide (327)
• Institutional racism (339)
• Majority group (310)
• Minority group (317)
• Multiculturalism (322)