The Periodic Table Families

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The Periodic TableFamilies

• Mr. Perez
• Grade 6 Science

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The oxidation number of an atom is the charge
that atom would have if the compound was composed
of ions.
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Alkali Metals

• Group 1 on the Periodic Table (does not include
  Hydrogen, which is a non-metal gas)
• The Alkali Metals, found in group 1 of the
  Periodic Table, are highly reactive metals that
  do not occur freely in nature.
• These metals have only one electron (1) in their
  outer energy level. Therefore, they are ready to
  lose that one electron in ionic bonding with
  other elements.
• As with all metals, the Alkali Metals are
  malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of
  heat and electricity.
• The Alkali Metals are softer than most other
  metals.

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2 on the Periodic Table
• The Alkaline Earth Metals are metallic elements
• All Alkaline Earth Metals have an oxidation
  number of 2 (which means there are 2 electrons
  in their valence energy levels)
• This makes them very reactive when forming
  compounds

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Transition Metals

• Groups 3 through 12 on the Periodic Table
• These 38 elements are called "transition metals."
  
• As with all metals, the transition elements are
  both ductile and malleable, and conduct
  electricity and heat
• Their valence electrons (oxidation numbers) are
  present in more than one energy level (which is
  why they often exhibit several common oxidation
  states)
• Transition metals include 10 groups of elements

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Metalloids

• Metalloids are the elements found on both sides
  of the zig-zag line, which separates metals
  from non-metals.
• Metalloids have properties of both metals and
  non-metals
• Some of the Metalloids, such as silicon and
  germanium, are semi-conductors

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Other Metals

• Groups 13, 14, and 15 on the Periodic Table (on
  the left side of the zig-zag line)
• While these elements are ductile and malleable,
  they are not the same as the transition elements.
• These elements, unlike the transition elements,
  do not have variable oxidation states, and their
  valence electrons are only present in their outer
  shell.
• All of these elements are solid, have a
  relatively high density, and are opaque. They
  have oxidation numbers of 3, 4, and -3.

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Non-metals

• Groups 14, 15, and 16 on the Periodic Table (on
  the right side of the zig-zag line)
• These non-metals are not able to conduct
  electricity or heat very well.
• Compared to metals, non-metallic elements are
  very brittle.
• The non-metals can be gases (such as oxygen) and
  solids (such as carbon).
• The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do
  not reflect light.
• They have oxidation numbers of 4, -3, and -2.

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Halogen Gases

• Group 17 on the Periodic Table
• The Halogens are five non-metallic elements found
  in group 17 of the periodic table
• All Halogens have 7 electrons in their outer
  energy levels, giving them an oxidation number of
  -1.

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Noble Gases / Inert Gases

• Group 18 on the Periodic Table
• These elements have an oxidation number of 0
  (because their valence energy levels are complete
  with electrons)
• This prevents them from forming compounds
• All Noble Gases (Inert Gases) have complete
  valence energy levels, making them stable.

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Rare Earth

• The 30 Rare Earth Elements are composed of the
  lanthanide and actinide series.
• One element of the lanthanide series and most of
  the elements in the actinide series are synthetic
  (human-made).
• All of the Rare Earth Metals are found in group 3
  of the Periodic Table, and the 6th and 7th
  periods.