451418607 Land Administration

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451-418/607 Land Administration
On-line land information service

• Mohsen Kalantari

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Objectives of Lecture

• To understand the reasons behind the growth in
  demand for land information
• To understand how internet technology is being
  used to provide access to land information
• Introducing quality of service criteria for the
  assessment of an online land information system

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Part 1The growing demandand need for access
toland information
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What Information are we talking about?
Interest Location Dimension

• Ownership
• Type, Proprietor, Primary Usage
• Encumbrances
• Easements, Mortgages, Caveats, Covenants
• Valuation Land Tax
• Unimproved Value, Improved Value, Rate Payable,
  Rate Assessment Number, Property Identifiers,
  Ratepayer
• Development and Planning
• Planning Zone, Planning Scheme, Planning Process,
  Proposed Changes, Vendor Certificates
• Location Dimension
• Address, Map References, Jurisdictions, Parcel
  Identifiers (CPN, SPI, Lot/Plan), Dimension

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But wait.. theres more
Interest Location Dimension

• and these are only really the Core datasets
• What about
• Environmental Datasets
• Vegetation
• Salinity
• Minerals
• Social Datasets
• Population
• Demographics

• Infrastructure
• Private Infrastructure (Building Footprints and
  Description)
• Building Regulations (Air Con, Lifts, Fire),
• Public Infrastructure (Roads, Water, Sewage,
  Telco, Drainage, Gas, Elec)
• Services
• Garbage,
• Recycling,
• Green Waste,
• Street Cleaning
• Imagery

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Land Info Users and their Needs

• Public Sector / Government
• Urban and Regional Planning Development,
  Health, Emergency Management, Crime, Education,
  Environment, Registry - Tenure Security, Taxation
• Private Sector / Industry
• Farmers, Developers, Manufacturers, Retailers,
  Finance, Utility Companies,
• General Public
• Property Management Purchase, Location Based
  Services i.e. Small Scale Decision making

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Access The Old Way

• Land information was primarily used for the
  management of the land market
• The public had limited access to land information
• All systems were bureaucratic and paper based
• Transactions and search requests were completed
  over the counter and performed manually
• Information not centralized within a single
  department

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Government structurehindered sharing and access
In the past (and even today)
High Level Government Department of Premier and
Cabinet / Treasury
Mapping
Valuation
Registry





Planning
Department of Primary Industries
Department of Human Services
Department of Infrastructure
Department of Education
Department of Lands
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The Drive for Change

• The Change Drivers
• Sustainable Development
• Government Cost Cutting
• Community service and information demands
• What does this mean?
• More environmental legislation applied to land

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How does land information help achieve
Sustainability?
3. Social Dimension
Health Management
Crime Management
Education Management
Arts Culture Management
2. Enviro Dimension
Natural Resource Management
Infrastructure Management
Urban Regional Planning
Sustainable Development
1. Economic Dimension
Registration
Valuation
Economic Development
Spatial Information (Location/Dimension)
Enabler
Time
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The Changing Role of Spatial Information
Departments
Looking ahead.
High Level Government Department of Premier and
Cabinet / Treasury
Office of Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Mapping
Valuation
Registry





Planning
Department of Primary Industries
Department of Human Services
Department of Infrastructure
Department of Education
Department of Lands
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Sustainable Development eGovernment
The Grand Plan Spatial Information supporting
eGovernment, eCitizenship and Sustainable
Development
User Decisions Transactions
General Public Users
Private Sector Users
Government Users
Applications Functions
Crime
Emergency
Natural Resource
Health
Planning
Environment
Infrastructure
Centralised or Distributed Operating System
(Coordinated by SII) e.g. SLIP
Data Networks
Social Datasets
Environmental Datasets
Economic Datasets
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Technology isnt usually the problem

• As technology develops bandwidth and
  visualisation problems are overcome
• The real problems with providing access to
  information lie with
• Data Sharing Interoperability
• Creating collaborative arrangements and
  partnerships
• Maintenance Regimes
• Ensuring the dynamic datasets are always up to
  date
• Privacy and Security
• Ensuring privacy laws are adhered to and that
  information is stored in a secure manner

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Part 2Providing Access Technology
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Land Information Systems

• LIS Software Development
• LIS Platform Development

Kalantari, 2004
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A Static Web Page
Server
Client
Get http//www.server.org/info.html
info.html specific server Generated headers
ltHTMLgt ltBODYgt ltH1gtIans HomepageltH1gt lt/BODYgt lt/HTM
Lgt
Loney, 2003
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A Dynamic Web Page
Client
Server
Get http//www. server.org /page.asp
Web Server Process
Main Process
page.asp a plain HTML document
ActiveX Object/.NET Object
page.asp
Database
External Libraries
Loney, 2003
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3-Tier Architecture
PRESENTATION
LOGIC (Web Server)
LOGIC (Map Server)
SPATIAL DATABASE
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A Dynamic Spatial Web Page
TIER 1
BROWSER
TIER 2
INTEGRATED WEB MAPPING SERVER
WEB SERVER
SPATIAL DATABASE SERVER
MAP SERVER
TIER 3
CADASTRAL LAYERS
SINGLE SPATIAL DATABASE e.g. Oracle
ATTRIBUTE DATABASE
(Majid, 1999)
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Looking Ahead..

• Client Side (Tier 1)
• From HTML to XML/GML for presentation e.g.
  landXML
• Browsers with built in spatial plug-ins and
  viewers
• More powerful spatial services and applications
  as bandwidth capabilities increase.
• Logic Tier (Tier 2)
• Distributed Processing Architectures e.g. Web
  Mapping Services creating maps from many data
  sources
• Continued growth in server-side scripting e.g.
  ColdFusion, ASP, JSP
• Data Services (Tier 3)
• Abolishing of gap between spatial DBs and other
  DBs e.g. Oracles Location Based Platform

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Part 3Evaluating online systems
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Methodology

• Online monitoring
• October 2004
• December 2004
• April 2005
• May 2005

• Measuring several characteristics to describe
  each service
• Performance
• Functionality
• User requirements
• Popularity

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Performance

• f (Throughput, Response time)

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Performance

• Improper network setting
• The complexity of functionality
• Combination of service, network and client
  machine

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Functionality - General

• Visualization
• Zoom
• Identification
• Selection
• Legend
• Scale
• Out-put preparation

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Functionality - Special

• Rights, Responsibilities, Restrictions
• Land extent
• Land transfer
• Ownership certificate
• Property taxation
• Land market
• Land use

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User Requirements

• Type of user
• Information specialist
• Decision maker
• Interested citizen
• User demand
• Flexibility
• Accessibility
• Optimized models and functions
• Information demand
• Raw data
• Value added data
• Strategic information

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Popularity

• Number of link to website
• Web service traffic
• Number of return visits
• Length of time on web site

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Popularity

• www.Linkpopularity.com

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Popularity

• Appropriate titles

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Discussion

• Be specific about the purpose of the land
  information service and identify the range of
  users including information specialist, decision
  makers or interested citizens and target them
  with proper functionality and data.
• Provide good communication channels for the
  community
• Presenting different architecture based on the
  client connection rates and levels of service
  interactivity to deliver reliable and popular
  services.
• Create more user-friendly interfaces with less
  discipline-specific terminology especially for
  decision makers and interested users.

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Exam Questions

• Why has the need and demand for access to land
  information increased in recent times?
• What technologies are available to the public to
  access land information remotely? Use diagrams
  and case studies to assist your answer.
• Explain how Land information Systems can be
  evaluated.