PERIODIC TABLE

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PERIODIC TABLE

• Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids Groups /
  Families Periods

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The Periodic Table

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METALS

• Found on the left side of the Periodic Table
• Have less than 4 electrons in their outer orbit
• Tend to give away electrons when forming bonds
  ( ions)

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METALS

• Have a luster and are often gray in color.
• Are malleable Can be bent or pounded into shape
  without breaking
• Are ductile Can be formed into wire
• Are good conductors of heat and electricity

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Examples of Metals
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NON-METALS

• Found on the right side of the stair step line
• Have more than 4 electrons in their outer orbit
• Tend to take electrons when forming bonds (-
  ions)

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NON-METALS

• Have a dull finish
• Are brittle and powdery
• Are not ductile
• Are poor conductors of heat and electricity

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Examples of Non Metals
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METALLOIDS

• Elements that have characteristics of both metals
  and nonmetals
• They are found along the stair step line on the
  Periodic Table

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Examples of Metalloids
Boron
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Groups / Families

• Groups or families are the vertical columns on
  the periodic table.
• These elements have the same number of electrons
  in their outer orbits.
• They also have many characteristics in common.

The group IIa elements beryllium, magnesium,
calcium, strontium, barium. They are called
the Alkali Earth Metals.
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Groups / Families

• Which elements are these?
• upper left magnesium
• lower right - calcium
• What do they have in common?
• The same number of electrons in their outer
  orbit.

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Groups / Families

• Group VIIa is the Halogen family fluorine,
  chlorine, bromine, iodine.
• What do all of these elements have in common?
• Each has 7 electrons in its outer orbit.
• What characteristics do they have in common?
• All are very toxic and used as germ killers.

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Alkali Metal Family

• Each has only one electron in its outer orbit
• Soft metals that rapidly corrode when exposed to
  air
• React violently with water
• Part of many common salts

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Alkali Earth Metals

• Have 2 electrons in their outer orbits.
• Highly reactive and corrosive metals.
• Magnesium is found in abundance in sea water.
• Calcium is important for bones and teeth.

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Halogens
pale yellow gas
dark red liquid, orange to bromine vapour
black solid, very dark vapour
green gas
very dark grey solid, purple vapour
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Noble or Inert Gases

• Have full outer orbits.
• Are gases at room temperature.
• They rarely form compounds. Inert!!
• Helium is the second most abundant element in the
  cosmos.

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Periods

• Periods are the horizontal rows on the periodic
  table.
• Elements in the same period have the same number
  of orbits containing electrons.
• These elements do not have many other
  characteristics in common.