The Periodic Table

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The Periodic Table
Brittany Burr
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Demitri Mendeleev
He was the first man to put elements in a
periodic table
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Mendeleev organized his periodic table by
increasing atomic mass and by similar properties.
He left blanks where he accurately predicted
that new elements would be discovered.
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Current Periodic Table
Under Mendeleevs system, a few of the elements
didnt fit in according to increasing atomic mass.
Now we make the periodic table according to
increasing atomic number or the of protons an
element has
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Periods
Horizontal rows of the Periodic Table Seven
total (As you go left to right) Starts with a
very reactive metal, then metalloids, then
nonmetals, then ends with very inactive noble
gases.
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Groups
Vertical columns 18 total Elements within a
group have similar properties Also called
families
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Metals
Positively charged cations
Left of the staircase
LOSERS Lose electrons during bonding with
nonmetals
Shiny luster, malleable, ductile, high melting
and boiling points, good conductors of electricity
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Nonmetals
Negatively charged anions
Right of the staircase
Low melting point and boiling point, dull, poor
conductors, solids are brittle.
GAINERS- gain electrons during ionic bonding.
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Metalloids/Semimetals
Have characteristics of both metals and
nonmetals or characteristics that are in-between.
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Group 1- Alkali metals

• Very reactive metals
• Very soft (can be cut with a knife)
• 1 valence electron
• Not found free in nature

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Group 2- Alkaline Earth Metals

• Two valence electrons
• Reactive
• Harder than group 1
• Never found in nature

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Group 3-12 Transition Metals

• Middle of Periodic Table
• High melting and boiling points
• Not as reactive as groups 1 and 2
• Many have 1 oxidation
• Ions are often colored in a solution

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Group 17- Halogens

• Greek salt formers
• 7 Valence electrons
• Most active nonmetals
• High electronegativities
• Diatomic
• Strongly nonmetallic

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Group 18- Noble Gasses

• 8 valence electrons
• Unreactive (b/c of stable octet)
• Monatomic
• High ionization energies
• Used to be called the inert group

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