The Periodic Table

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The Periodic Table
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The Periodic Table

• Discovered by Mendeleev in 1869.
• He organized the known elements into families
  according to similarities in their chemical
  physical properties.
• When a gap seemed to appear he assumed it was an
  undiscovered element.
• He used the properties of the adjacent elements
  to predict their properties.

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Periodic Table Facts

• Group (1-18) and Periods (1-7)
• Representative and Transition elements
• Lanthanides and Actinides
• Metals, Nonmetals and Metaloids
• Alkali and Alkaline Earth elements
• Halogens and Noble Gases
• Solid, Liquids and Gaseous elements

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Cells in the Periodic Table

• 11
• Na
• 22.99

Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Mass
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Learning About Matter

• Learning Facts

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What are Facts?

• Facts are true statements names descriptions of
  properties, measured values
• Example water is a colorless liquid that freezes
  at 0.0 C.
• Facts can only be memorized!

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Memorization for Learning

• You have a short and long term memory.
• Information is first placed in the short term
  memory where it is quickly lost.
• Memorization for learning is actually a
  transfer from short to long term memory.
• In both types of memory the links fade over time
  and must be reinforced.

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Memorization Techniques

• Use as many senses as possible.
• Look for patterns that organize the facts.
• Group items into chunks that fit into your short
  term memory.
• Practice items in random order with a friend.
• Spread the memorization task over time.

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Testing Facts

• Straight Recall
• What element has the symbol Mn?
• Recognition of Facts and Error of Fact
• Which is the symbol for manganese?
• A) Mg b) Mn c) Mt
• Use of Memorized Information
• Write the formula of sodium chloride.

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Groups of Elements

• Vertical columns on the periodic table
• Similar physical and chemical properties
• Numbered 1-18, left to right
• Special names for Group 1, 2, 17, 18

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Periods on the Periodic Table

• Horizontal rows numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.
• Includes representative elements and transition
  elements
• Lanthanides Actinides are NOT periods 7 and 8
  and do NOT have Group numbers

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Learning Check

• A. Element in Group 17, Period 4
• 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
• B. What is the name of Group 2?
• 1) Alkali metals
• 2) Alkaline earths
• 3) Noble gases

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Metals and Nonmetals

• Metals
• Located to the left of the heavy line
• Shiny, ductile
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Nonmetals
• Located to the right of the heavy line
• Dull and brittle
• Poor conductors, good insulators

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Learning Check

• Specify nonmetal (1) or metalloid (2) or metal
  (3) for each
• A. carbon ____
• B. silicon ____
• C. germanium ____
• D. tin ____

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Other Classifications of Elements

• Liquids Hg and Br
• Gases H, O, N, F, Cl, Group 18
• Diatomic H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

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Learning Check

• Fill in the blank outline of the periodic table
  with the following periodic table facts
• Group (1-18) and Periods (1-7)
• Representative and Transition elements
• Lanthanides and Actinides
• Metals, Nonmetals and Metaloids
• Alkali and Alkaline Earth elements
• Halogens and Noble Gases
• Solid, Liquids and Gaseous elements