The Periodic Table

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The Periodic Table
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Assignment

• Read
• Chapter 1, section 2-4

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The Periodic Table

• Periodic means occurring or appearing at regular
  intervals
• The Periodic table is designed so that elements
  with similar characteristics occur or appear at
  regular intervals

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The Periodic Table

• The table can be divided in many ways
• Method 1
• Metals (brown)
• Nonmetal (purple)
• Metalloids or Semi-metals (green)

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The Periodic Table

• Metals
• Most are solid at room temperature (except
  mercury, Hg)
• Usually are shiny solids when freshly cut
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Malleable (meaning can be flattened into a sheet)
• Ductile (meaning can be drawn into a wire)
• Most have high melting points and boiling points

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The Periodic Table

• Nonmetals
• 11 are gases, 5 are brittle solids, and 1 is a
  liquid at room temperature
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Most have low melting points and boiling points
• Metalloids or Semi-metals
• The seven elements that separate the metals and
  nonmetals
• The metalloids tend to have properties of both
  metals and nonmetals
• Ex Silicon
• Metal-like in that it is a shiny solid
• Nonmetal-like in that it is a brittle solid
• Conductivity lies between that of a metal and
  non-metal

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The Periodic Table

• Method 3
• Group
• Period

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The Periodic Table

• Groups
• Indicated by the number at the top of each column
• All elements within a group have similar
  characteristics or properties

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The Periodic Table

• Group 1 Alkali metals
• Soft, shiny metals
• Low melting points compared to other metals
• Most reactive of the metals that are not
  radioactive
• When added to water they form a highly alkaline
  (basic) solution hence the name alkali metals

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The Periodic Table

• Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
• Shiny solids
• Less reactive than the Alkali metals
• Higher melting points than the Alkali metals

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The Periodic Table

• Group 17 Halogens
• All are gases except Bromine
• Colorful, corrosive nonmetals
• Most reactive of all the nonmetals
• The group name halogen comes from the greek word
  hals, meaning salt, because the halogens are only
  found in nature in combination with other
  elements typically forming a salt.

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The Periodic Table

• Group 18 Noble Gases
• Named noble because they lack reactivity.

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The Periodic Table

• Period
• Indicated by the number to the left of the row in
  which the element resides
• We will discuss the importance to the period in
  chapter 3.

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The Periodic Table

• Method 2
• Main Group elements (yellow)
• Transition Metal elements (orange)
• Inner Transition Metal elements (blue)
• Are not given group s.
• To determine which period they are members of
  look at the elemental numbers (atomic ) given at
  the top of each box. (Expanded version on next
  slide)
• Elements 58-71 are called the Lanthanide series
  because they follow element 57, Lanthanum
• Elements 90-103 are called the Actinide series
  because they follow element 89, Actinium
• The divisions in method 2 will be discussed at
  length in Chapter 3

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The Periodic Table