Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

1
Motivation From Concepts to Applications

• Ch. 7

2
What is MBO?

• Key Elements
• Goal specificity
• Participative decision making
• An explicit time period
• Performance feedback

3
Why MBOs Fail

• Unrealistic expectations about MBO results
• Lack of commitment by top management
• Failure to allocate reward properly
• Cultural incompatibilities

4
Employee Recognition Programs

• Types of programs
• Personal attention
• Expressing interest
• Approval
• Appreciation for a job well done
• Benefits of programs
• Fulfills employees desire for recognition.
• Encourages repetition of desired behaviors.
• Enhances group/team cohesiveness and motivation.
• Encourages employee suggestions for improving
  processes and cutting costs.

5
What is Employee Involvement?
6
Examples of Employee Involvement Programs
7
Examples of Employee Involvement Programs (contd)
8
How a Typical Quality Circle Operates
7-4
E X H I B I T
9
Examples of Employee Involvement Programs (contd)
10
Variable Pay Programs
11
Variable Pay Programs (contd)
12
Skill-Based Pay Plans

• Benefits of Skill-based Pay Plans
• Provides staffing flexibility.
• Facilitates communication across the
  organization.
• Lessens protection of territory behaviors.
• Meets the needs of employees for advancement
  (without promotion).
• Leads to performance improvements.

13
Skill-Based Pay Plans (contd)

• Drawbacks of Skill-based Pay Plans
• Lack of additional learning opportunities that
  will increase employee pay.
• Continuing to pay employees for skills that have
  become obsolete.
• Paying for skills which are of no immediate use
  to the organization.
• Paying for a skill, not for the level of employee
  performance for the particular skill.

14
Flexible Benefits

• Employees tailor their benefits package to meet
  their personal needs by picking and choosing from
  a menu of benefit options.

15
Special Issues in Motivation

• Motivating Professionals
• Provide challenging projects.
• Allow them the autonomy to be productive.
• Reward with educational opportunities.
• Reward with recognition.
• Express interest in what they are doing.
• Create alternative career paths.
• Motivating Contingent Workers
• Provide opportunity for permanent status.
• Provide opportunities for training.
• Provide equitable pay.

16
Special Issues in Motivation (contd)

• Motivating the Diversified Workforce
• Provide flexible work, leave, and pay schedules.
• Provide child and elder care benefits.
• Structure working relationships to account for
  cultural differences and similarities.
• Motivating Low-Skilled Service Workers
• Recruit widely.
• Increase pay and benefits.
• Make jobs more appealing.

17
Special Issues in Motivation (contd)

• Motivating People Doing Highly Repetitive Tasks
• Recruit and select employees that fit the job.
• Create a pleasant work environment.
• Mechanize the most distasteful aspects of the job.