Evidence for Cultural Construction

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Evidence for Cultural Construction

• Emotional Expression
• Display Rules
• Emotional States
• Emotional Lexicon
• Concept, Categories, Location, Meaning

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Evidence Emotion Lexicon
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Evidence Emotion Lexicon
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Emotional lexicon

• Universal semantic structure?
• 54 of semantic structure of 15 emotion terms is
  universally shared by Chinese, English and
  Japanese
• 15 is culture-specific
• Moore et al. (1999)
• Culture-specific?
• English (2,000 emotional terms)
• Taiwanese (750 emotional terms)
• Ifaluk of Micronesia (58 emotional terms)
• Russell (1991)

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Evidence for Cultural Construction

• Emotional Expression
• Display Rules
• Emotional States
• Emotional Lexicon
• Frequencies of antecedents that bring about an
  emotion

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Culture Cognition

• Culture as Cognition?
• Hofstede (1980)
• Culture is mental programming
• Berry et al. (1992)
• Culture defined as norms, opinions, beliefs,
  values and worldviews, which are all cognitive
  products
• Matsumoto Juang (2007)
• Culture is a knowledge system

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Culture Perception

• Perception Process by which brain selects,
  organizes, interprets sensory information from
  the sense organs produces internal
  representations of external stimuli.
• Internal representations always accurate?
• Brain as reconstructor
• Role of prior experience

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The Thatcher Effect (Thompson, 1980)
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T E C T
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Optical Illusions

• The Mueller-Lyer Illusion

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Visual Perception

• Theories on differences in visual perception
• Carpentered world theory

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Visual Perception

• Theories on differences in visual perception
• Carpentered world theory
• Front-horizontal foreshortening theory
• Symbolizing three dimensions in two theory

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Culture Depth Perception
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Culture Depth Perception

• Common depth cues
• Relative size of objects.
• Object superimposition.
• Vertical position.
• A linear perspective.
• A texture gradient.

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Tendency to Focus on Object vs. Field

• Rod Frame Task

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Tendency to Focus on Object vs. Field

• Field independence Tendency to separate focal
  object from its environment and attend to
  attributes of that object.
• Field dependence Tendency to attend to context
  surrounding focal object and the relationships
  among objects in the environment.
• Why?
• Socialization
• Landscape Complexity

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