Outsourcing Models

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Irresistible forces The business legacy of
Napster By Trevor Merriden ISBN1-84112-170-3
Peer-to-Peer Technology
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P2P File Sharing
P2P file sharing Example Alice runs P2P client
application on her notebook computer
Intermittently connects to Internet gets new IP
address for each connection Asks for Hey
Jude Application displays other peers that
have copy of Hey Jude. Alice chooses one of the
peers, Bob. File is copied from Bobs PC to
Alices notebook HTTP While Alice downloads,
other users uploading from Alice. Alices peer
is both a Web client and a transient Web
server. All peers are servers highly scalable!
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P2P centralized directory original Napster
design

• When peer connects, it informs
• central server
• IP address
• content
• 2) Alice queries for Hey Jude
• 3) Alice requests file from Bob

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Napster how does it work
Application-level, client-server protocol over
point-to-point TCP Four steps Connect to
Napster server Upload your list of files (push)
to server. Give server keywords to search the
full list with. Select best of correct
answers. (pings)
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Napster

• File list is uploaded

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Napster
2. User requests search at server
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Napster
3. User pings host that apparently have data.
Looks for best transfer rate
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Napster

• Users retrieves file
• MP3 files do not pass thought a
  centralized server

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Napster
Peer to peer first application. File download
is completely P2P. A revolutionary way to
distribute music. Extremely popular. a
million downloads of the Napster software per
month!! Half a million simultaneous Napster
users. Allows clients to Share their own
files. Search files in other clients files.
Download other clients files. Napster just
provide the software and network infrastructure
and the users provide the content
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Napster

• With P2P technology the focus will shift to the
  private individual user
• Information on private disk drives all over the
  world can be shared
• Vast amounts of private CPU computing power are
  not utilized
• By February 2001 an estimate of Napster users
  were around 58 million
• The computing power of private computers has not
  been tapped until the advent of P2P

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I believe that peer-to-peer technology on which
Napster is based has the potential to be adopted
for many different uses. People generally speak
about the ability to share other kinds of files
in addition to music. Peer-to-peer could be used
to create a pool of resources in aggregate to
solve a range of complex storage, processing and
bandwidth problems. Think how much faster and
more efficient the internet could be if instead
of always connecting you to a central server
every time you click on to a web site, your
computer would find the source that housed that
information nearest to you if its already on
the computer of the kid down the hall, why travel
halfway around the world to retrieve it?. Shawn
Fanning- Napster Creator
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Distributed Computing uses of P2P
(http//www.trendsreport.net/software/8.html) Data
Synapse (http//www.stratvantage.com/publications/
geneerhives.pdf)
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Distributed Computing

• P2P open the door to distributed computing.
• Distributed computing refers to the sharing of
  unused computing resources
• Distributed computing is accomplish by a bank of
  PCs
• Companies can now use the power that currently
  resides on their employees desktop while they
  are not using it

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Distributed Computing
There is a tremendous amount of unused
processing power sitting idle at any given time.
The same can be said for memory storage. As
people figure out creative ways to unlock all
those computing resources, the Internet may
evolve to a higher stage.
http//www.trendsreport.net/software/8.html
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DataSynapse

• Founded by Peter Lee (an investment banker at J P
  Morgan)
• DataSynapses WebProc product lets customers tap
  unused CPUs to conduct complex financial and
  business computations.
• WebProc software breaks complex computing jobs
  into smaller tasks and distributes them to idle
  PCs via the Internet.

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WebProc - DataSynapse

• The solution is designed to integrate easily with
  the corporations existing network environment
• Employees never notice when WebProc is working
  because it only takes control of a desktop PC
  when the PC is idle.
• If a employee return to his desk during
  computation, Webproc immediately interrupts the
  processing task and re-routes it to another idle
  system.

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WebProc - Results
By harnessing the idle power of JP Morgan
Chases workstations, DataSynapse completed in a
matter of minutes a test calculation that
normally took eight hours overnight. According to
the company, 12 high-performance financial
applications are being optimized over two farms
of 400 workstations and 250 PCs.1 1 The
Buzz About Hive Computing Putting Peer-to-Perr
Computing work Volumen 5. p.10
http//www.stratvantage.com/publications/geneerhiv
es.pdf
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Other examples of distributed computing

• Avaki (http//www.avaki.com) has developed
  software that allows enterprises to effectively
  manage distributed systems
• Entropia (www.entropia.com) is a provider of
  distributed computer, delivering
  supercomputer-scale power at low cost to
  acelerate computationally intense applications.
  Its Entropia 3000 distributed computing platform
  lets companies create a virtual supercomputer by
  using PCs they already own. The company says that
  this increase return on investment on their
  computers
• Improc Technologies, Inc (www.improv-tech.com) is
  a software company using distributed computing
  for the management of digital services.
•  Epropose (www.epropose.com) was founded in April
  1999 to commercialize collaborative computing
  software