Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis

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Chapter 17 Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis
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The Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, despite
the errors, excesses, and perhaps hubris was in
fact amazingly productive of creative and valid
insights into the human mind. Perhaps it
was far more productive of ideas that will stand
the test of time than so-called mainstream
academic psychology.
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Carl Jung .in preparing himself (medical
studies) he had reserved for the last his
psychiatric textbook, Krafft-Ebings Lehrbuch der
Psychiatrie, which he opened with the unpromising
thought, Well, now lets see what a psychiatrist
has to say for himself. Beginning with the
preface, he read It is probably due to the
peculiarity of the subject and its incomplete
state of development that psychiatric textbooks
are stamped with a more or less subjective
character. A few lines further on, Krafft-Ebing
termed psychoses diseases of the personality,
and the readers heart began suddenly to pound.
He had to stand and draw a deep breath. His
excitement was intense for, as he tells, it had
become clear to me in a flash of illumination,
that for me the only possible goal was
psychiatry. Here, and here alone, was the
empirical field common to spiritual and
biological facts. (p. xi, Editors
Introduction) Campbell, Joseph (Ed. and trans.,
1971). The Portable Jung. New York The Viking
Press.
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Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Jung went to
visit him (Freud) in Vienna. They met at one in
the afternoon and talked for thirteen hours,
almost without let. This was in 1906. The
next year, 1907 Jung came to Vienna again to
visit, this time with his wife. When I
arrived in Vienna with my young and happy wife,
Jung told a visitor in 1957, Freud came to see
us at the hotel and brought some flowers for my
wife. He was trying to be very considerate and at
one point said to me, I am sorry that I can give
you no real hospitality. I have nothing at home
but an elderly wife. When my wife heard him say
that, she looked perplexed and embarrassed. At
Freuds home that evening, during dinner, I tried
to talk to Freud and his wife about
psychoanalysis and Freuds activities, but I soon
discovered that Mrs. Freud knew absolutely
nothing about what Freud was doing. It was very
obvious that there was a very superficial
relationship between Freud and his wife.
Soon I met Freuds wifes younger sister. She
was very good-looking, and she not only knew
enough about psychoanalysis but also about
everything Freud was doing. his sister-in-law
asked if she could talk with me. She was very
much bothered by her relationship with Freud and
felt guilty about it. From her I learned that
Freud was in love with her and that their
friendship was indeed very intimate. It was a
shocking discovery to me, and even now I recall
the agony I felt at the time. (p. xi, Editors
Introduction) Campbell, Joseph (Ed. and trans.,
1971). The Portable Jung. New York The Viking
Press.
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Carl Jung and Sigmund FreudBeginning of the
Division The next spring, 1909, found Jung
once again in Vienna, and on this occasion
Freudhis elder by nineteen yearsconfided to
him kindly that he was adopting him as an eldest
son, anointing him as successor and crown
prince. However, when the anointed later asked
what his adopting elders views might be on
precognition and parapsychology, Freud replied
abruptly Sheer nonsense!and in terms, states
Jung, of so shallow a positivism that I had
difficulty in checking the sharp retort on the
tip of my tongue. I had a curious
sensation, Jung continues in his account of this
first real crisis in their friendship. It was as
if my diaphragm were made of iron and were
becoming red-hota glowing vault. An at that
moment there was such a loud report in the
bookcase, which stood right next to us, that we
started up in alarm, fearing the thing was going
to topple over on us. I said to Freud There,
that is an example of a so-called catalytic
exteriorization phenomenon. Oh come! he
exclaimed. That is sheer bosh. it is
not, I replied. You are mistaken, Herr
Professor. And to prove my point I now predict
that in a moment there will be another such loud
report! Sur enough, no sooner had I said the
words than the same detonation went off in the
book case Freud only stared aghast at me. I do
not know what was in his mind, or what his look
meant. In any case, this incident aroused his
mistrust of me, and I had the feeling that I had
done something against him. (p. xii, Editors
Introduction) Campbell, Joseph (Ed. and trans.,
1971). The Portable Jung. New York The Viking
Press.
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1. Youngest of six. 2. Psychoanalyzed 1918. 3.
Childhood fantasies paper at VPS in 1922 4. His
emissary, inherited library, ideas, etc. 5.
Extended PA to child analysis/rearing,
education. 6. Developmental lines
dependency-gtemotional self-reliance,
sucking-gtrational eating, etc. 7. The Ego and the
Mechanisms of Defense (1936) 8. Anna Antigone
(daughter of redemption) 9. Two defense
mechanisms altruistic surrender and
identification with the aggressor. 10. Honorary
degree from Clark 1950. 11. Founder of ego
psychology (Erikson her student)
1895-1982
Anna Freud
1882-1960
1. Origin of good and bad in oral stage
(nursing), not phallic. 2. Psychoanalysis early
in childs life by play activities. 3. Superego
develops early life vs death instincts. 4.
Klein vs Anna F, Annas views (dreams/fantasies)
prevailed.
Melanie Klein
1. Childhood and Society (1950). 2. Eight
psychosocial stages (1) trust vs. mistrust (2)
autonomy vs. shame/doubt, (3) initiative vs.
guilt, (4) industry vs. inferiority, (5)
identity vs role confusion (peers), (6) intimacy
vs. isolation, (7) generativity vs. Stagnation,
(8) ego integrity vs. despair.
1902-1994
Erik Erikson
1. MD at Basel, studied with Eigen Bleuler
(schizophrenia), Pierre Janet. 2. Heir apparent,
but broke off in1912 (dark years) 3. Personal
UCS, collective UCS, and archetypes persona,
anima, shadow, self synthesis (s-actualization).
8. Myers-Briggs 4. Introversion vs. extroversion.
5. Teleology, synchronicity. 6. Dream
diagnosis (monsters -gt shadow expression) 7.
Eranos Yearbooks, The Masks of God (primitive,
oriental, occidental, and creative mythology), I
Ching, etc.
1875-1961
Carl Jung
1. Sickly child, miserable childhood. 2. Pres.
of VPS 1910, resigned in 1911, 9 yr friendship
ended. 3. Warmly rcvd USA in 1926 4. Concepts
compensation, overcompensation, feelings of
inferiority, inferiority complex. 5. Like
Vaihinger must give life meaning. 6. Lifestyle
(neurosis, mistaken L w/o social interest). 7.
UCS means simply not understood. 8.
Existential theme.
1870-1937
Alfred Adler
1. MD, U of Berlin 1913. 2. Berlin
Psychoanalytic Institute. 3. Chicago Inst for PA
(1932) 4. Depression USA conflicts practical,
not sexual. 5. Basic evil, basic hostility, and
basic anxiety. 6. BA adjustment moving toward
people, moving against, and moving away. 7.
Anatomy is destiny. 8. Personality more
cultural than bio. 9. Cultural stereotypes hold
women back. 10. Self Analysis (1942).
1885-1952
Karen Horney
1930
1925
1900
1875
1850
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• What were Anna Freuds contributions to
  psychoanalysis? Why is she considered a pioneer
  of ego psychology? 507-509
• Define the following terms from Jungs theory
  collective unconscious, archetype, persona,
  anima, animus, shadow, and self. 511-512
• Define the following terms from Adlers theory
  compensation, overcompensation, feelings of
  inferiority, inferiority complex, worldview,
  guiding fiction, lifestyle, social interest,
  mistaken lifestyle, and creative self. 514-516
• Summarize the main differences between Freuds
  and Adlers theories of personality. 516
• In what way(s) did Vaihingers philosophy of as
  if influence Adlers theory of personality? 515,
  261-263
• Define the following terms from Horneys theory
  basic evil, basic hostility, and basic anxiety.
  517
• According to Horney, what are the three major
  adjustment patterns that neurotics can use while
  interacting with people? How does the way normal
  people use these patterns differ from the way
  neurotics use them? 517-518
• Why, according to Horney, do women sometimes feel
  inferior to men? 518-519
• Did Horney agree with Freuds contention that
  anatomy is destiny? Explain. 518-519
• How did Horney and Freud differ in their
  explanations of the origins of psychological
  problems? On the prognosis for personality
  change? On the belief in peoples ability to
  solve their own psychological problems? 517-519

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