Title: Personality
1Personality
2Activity
- Tear a blank sheet of paper in half.
- On a ½ sheet of paper- write a list of
words/characteristics - that describe your personality
- On the other halfdraw a pig.
3- Get a partner that knows you- give them the empty
half sheet with your name on it - Your partner should now describe you
4- Give the list back to the person
- Compare the list you wrote, with the list your
partner wrote - Are there similarities differences? Why?
5- How are people similar?
- How are people different?
- What makes you unique?
6Personality
- A persons unique and relatively consistent
patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
7Theories of Personality
- Different theories tell us how and why we have
the personality we do. -
8Psychoanalysis- Freud
- Personality is determined from your unconscious
desires/ conflicts (sexual aggressive)
9Consciousness
- Unconscious- what you dont know is there- formed
in early childhood - Preconscious- you dont know, but can get easily
- Conscious- what you know and can remember
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11Psychoanalytical ApproachThe Unconscious Mind
- Unconscious Mind the most basic of all human
instincts and desires live in the unconscious
mind. Primitive, uncontrolled thoughts of sex,
aggression, hunger.
12Psychoanalytical Approach The Unconscious Mind
- Unconscious Mind
- contains all of our repressed thoughts, passions,
desires, wishes, feeling, etc. - Repressed feelings are forcibly blocked from our
consciousness because they would be too
unsettling to acknowledge
13- The unconscious effects the conscious level in
symbolic, disguised forms.
- Freudian Slips- mistakes from unconscious mind
14Psychoanalytical Approach
- How do we access the Unconscious Mind?
15Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind
- Dream Interpretation
- Manifest Content the actual content of dreams
- Latent Content the interpreted content of a
dream and unconscious wishes
16Dream Interpretation Using Free Association
- Freud's Free Association Technique
- Write out your entire dream.
- Select the section or paragraph that is most
emotionally charged. - List every word of that paragraph on the left
side of the page. - Write your association - whatever pops into your
mind - on the right of each word. - Rewrite the dream segment using only the
associations.
17 Accessing the Unconscious Mind
- The Freudian Slips
- Freud's term for these was "faulty action" In
every case there is presumed to be an unconscious
determinant of the faulty action, which can
sometimes be inferred directly from the context. - errors of speech (Versprechen)
- memory (Vergessen)
- action-body language-body cues (Vergreifen)
18Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind
- The Freudian Slip - Speech
- "As I was telling my husb" before abruptly
breaking off and correcting herself "As I was
telling President Bush." - Condeleeza Rice
- Does the Secretary of State have a tormented
life??
19Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind
- The Freudian Slip - Speech
- Please do not give me any bills, because I
cannot swallow them (Patient meant to say pills,
but was really preoccupied by financial stresses) - Youre the breast dressed woman here. (Man to
his neighbors wife at costume party. Should
have said best. Does this men he lusts after
her?)
20Freudian Slips Clip Here
21Testing
- Projective Tests
- Personality tests that provide ambiguous stimuli
to trigger projection of ones inner thoughts and
feelings
22Psychoanalytical Approach Developing Personality
- The battle for satisfaction between the
unconscious mind and our conscious awareness
takes place on three mental battlefields - ID
- EGO
- SUPEREGO
23Freuds personality structure
- Id- At Birth
- Unconscious
- Pleasure Principle
- Irrational, instinctual, Immediate
24- Ego- comes with experience
- Reality Principle
- Part Conscious (un, pre)
- Organized, rational, acceptable ways to desire
- Mediator
25- Superego- (5 or 6)
- Morality Principle
- Partly Conscious (un, pre)
- Values, acceptable behavior, conscience,
guilt-shame-anxiety
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30Ego Defense Mechanisms
- Your EGO must safely and responsibly satisfy your
ID, while keeping in mind your SUPEREGO
31- Too much for the ego anxiety
- Reality is distorted to keep away the anxiety
32Defense Mechanism
- Your minds way of reducing internal stress
caused by excess anxiety
33Repression
- Excluding from consciousness all anxiety
producing thoughts, feelings, impulses
34- You cant remember anything about a car accident
you had two weeks ago - The accident produces too much anxiety- so it
goes away
35Regression
- Behaving in a way that is characteristic of
earlier development (childlike).
36- My 10 year old is sucking her thumb all of a
sudden, she stopped at age 2. - After a divorce (she cant handle the idea) she
reverts back to a safer time
37Identification
- When a person changes some aspect of their
personality to be more like others thus
reducing anxiety. - Occurs on a subconscious level not just
mimicking
38Defense Mechanisms
Reaction Formation
- when the EGO is stressed over whether not it is
making the right decision regarding a behavior,
instead of dealing
with the anxiety, the EGO enacts behavior that is
exactly opposite of the decision it made
39Psychoanalytical ApproachDefense Mechanisms
- A child, angry at his or her mother, may become
overly concerned with her and rather dramatically
shower her with affection. - An abused child may run to the abusing parent. Or
someone who can't accept a homosexual impulse may
claim to despise homosexuals
40Displacement
- Redirection of impulse toward a safer
alternative
41- I was really upset because my seniors miss too
many days of class, I cant hurt them, so I pick
something I can hurt
I go home and kick my dog instead
42Rationalization
- Justifying your actions/ feelings with another
explanation- not your true feelings
43- Im glad I didnt get into that college- the
drive would have been too far. - You were really upset about not getting in, but
cant face that anxiety
44Projection
- Giving your own unacceptable urges or qualities
to others.
45- I dont understand how he doesnt get a
detention- he is always late to class! - You have been late 15 times, but you dont talk
about YOU.
46Denial
- Failing to recognize or acknowledge the existence
of information that causes anxiety.
47- No, I dont have a drinking problem, I can stop
anytime I want. - You are an alcoholic- your friends and family all
know it, but you wont admit it.
48Compensation
- Covering up weaknesses, frustrations, feelings of
inadequacy or incompetence in ones life by
striving for excellence in another area.
49compensation
- Under compensation leads to inferiority complex
- Over compensation leads to superiority complex
50Sublimation
- The Transfer of unwanted behaviors into something
less harmful.
- Freud considered it the only healthy defense
mechanism
51- A person who is angry may work out and get in
shape as a result - A person that is sexually frustrated may become
an artist and release the pent up energy and
emotion into great works of art.
52Psychosexual Stages
- Freuds theory of sexual development
- Sexual means whatever brings pleasure, not
procreation
53- Your Sexual Energy (Libido) is focused on
different parts of the body at different ages.
54- If too much or too little energy is expressed
during each stage- a person can become fixated - Fixated stages affect your personality
55Oral Stage
- Birth to 1 ½
- Pleasure through eating, biting, putting
everything in mouth - The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning
process (becoming less dependent)
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57Fixated?
- If child has a problem developing independence,
fixation will occur - Personality is highlighted by dependency issues,
aggression, gullibility, sarcasm, lack of
confidence - Bites on pens, smokes, bites fingernails,
addicted to chap stick, chews a lot of gum
58Anal Stage
- 1 ½ to 3
- Potty training is the major conflict
- Pleasure through control of elimination
- Developing this control leads to a sense of
accomplishment and control.
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60Fixated?
- inappropriate parental responses during potty
training can result in negative outcomes. - too lenient an anal-expulsive personality could
develop in which the individual has a messy,
wasteful, or destructive personality. - too strict or too early an anal-retentive
personality develops in which the individual is
stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive.
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62Phallic Stage
- Age 3-5
- Discover genitals ( difference between girls
boys) - Attachment to opp. sex parent, Jealous of same
sex parent
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64Oedipus Complex
- Unconscious desire for opposite sex parent
hostility toward same sex parent - Boys Mommies
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66Electra Complex
- Unconscious desire for opposite sex parent
hostility toward same sex parent - Girls Daddies
- Penis Envy
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68Identification
- To get rid of urges imitation of same sex
parent - Boys want to only play with Daddy, Girls only
with Mommy
69Karen Horney
- "Girls hold their mother responsible for their
lack of a penis and do not forgive her for their
being thus put at a disadvantage" Freud (1933) - Freud felt that all women remain fixated in the
phallic stage due to this penis envy
I propose that men are fixated on this stage due
to Womb Envy! They feel inferior because they
cant give birth to children!
The concept of Penis Envy is inaccurate and
demeaning!
So take that Freud!
70Fixation in the Phallic Stage
- For men Anxiety and guilty feelings about sex,
fear of castration, and narcissistic personality.
- For women It is implied that women never
progress past this stage fully and will always
maintain a sense of envy and inferiority
71Latency Stage
- Age 5- Puberty
- No sexual energy (absence of libido) in part
due to the growth of the ego and superego - Learns gender identity
72- Guys are gross
- Girls have cooties..
- Girls play with girls
- Boys play with boys
73Latent Stage
- Fixations do not develop in this stage
74Genital Stage
- Puberty
- Reproduction capable
- Mature, responsible urges and pursuit of
relationships - No Fixation any problems arising during this
phase is due to a fixation from a previous stage
75Updating Freuds Theory
- Modern Psychologists put less emphasis than Freud
on - Sexual basis of personality
- Men vs. women
- Freuds Theories are updated by the likes of
Erikson, Piaget, etc