Intellectual Property

1
Intellectual Property Using Sources

• Chapters 19 20
• Everythings an Argument

2
Sources That Dont Need to be Acknowledged
(reprise)

• Common knowledge specific information that most
  readers will know
• Facts available from a wide variety of sources
  (the date of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, for
  example)
• Your own findings from field research should be
  simple announced as your own
• EVERYTHING ELSE MUST BE DOCUMENTED!!

3
Assessing Print Sources (I)

• Relevance Is it closely related to your thesis?
  Check the index, contents, abstract, c.
• Credentials of source Is the author an expert?
  Is s/he biased? If published by a group, what is
  their agenda? If published in a magazine, what
  kind of magazine is it? Does this evidence need
  to be balanced or expanded?

4
Assessing Print Resources (II)

• Date of publication Does your subject require
  new or historical sources?
• Level of specialization Probing arguments often
  require specialized works, but these may be
  incomprehensible to your readers prepare to
  translate
• Audience Was it written for a general audience?
  For specialists? For advocates or opponents?

5
Assessing Print Resources (III)

• Cross-referencing Is the source mentioned in
  other sources? If yes, with respect?
• Length Is it long enough to provide the detail
  you need? (Or alternately, too long and only
  tangentially relevant)
• Availability Do you have access to the source?
  If not, find another.
• Omissions What is missing from the text? Does
  this impair its credibility or require you to
  fill in the gaps?

6
Assessing Electronic Sources (I)

• Source Who has posted the site? An individual,
  interest group, company or govt agency? (The URL
  may give you clues - .org vs .com)
• Credibility Can the information be verified in
  the document or other sources? How accurate and
  complete is it?
• Accountability Who can be held responsible for
  the sites content? Does it credit its own
  sources?

7
Assessing Electronic Sources (II)

• Date of publication How current is the site?
  Avoid outdated materials
• Design How effectively is the site designed?
  Are its links helpful? How does the design
  affect the content?
• Bias What perspectives are represented? Do
  they need to be balanced or expanded?

8
Assessing Field Research

• Have you examine your conclusions for accuracy?
• Have you identified the exact time, place
  participants in your research?
• Have you made clear what role you played in the
  research how that may have influenced your
  findings?
• Do you have your subjects permission to use the
  data you collected about them?

9
Using Sources

• You may want to introduce important sources in
  your text. Be sure to identify their
  significance. (Noted child psychologist
  Dorothea Brooke said)
• You can subtly influence the credibility of the
  quote via signal verb choice
• Dr. Brooke said, children need love.
• According to Dr. Brooke, children need love
• Dr. Brooke believes that children need love.

10
Using Sources Signal Verbs

• Acknowledges, advises, agrees, allows, asserts,
  believes, charges, claims, concurs, criticizes,
  declares, disagrees, discusses, disputes,
  emphasizes, expresses, lists, objects, observes,
  offers, opposes, remarks, replies, responds,
  states, suggests
• Dr. Brooke thinks that children need love
• Dr. Brooke interprets the data to mean that
  children need love
• Dr. Brooke concluded that children need love
• Dr. Brooke reveals that children need love
• Dr. Brooke confirms that children need love

11
Quotations

• Copy the quotations carefully, precisely copying
  spelling, capitalization and punctuation.
• Preface the quotation with a transitional
  sentence or phrase. The pattern is often
• General Claim
• Transition Phrase or Sentence
• Quotation
• Explanation
• The Good Ol Boys Inc Airline has been dogged by
  accusations of carelessness and mismanagement
  (1). One company memo, for example (2), claimed
  that minimizing pre-flight safety protocols is a
  good way to save time and money. (3) This
  cavalier attitude towards safety, many allege, is
  typical of the companys management style (4).

12
Punctuating Quotations

• Use brackets around material that you insert
• Enclose quotations in quotation marks
• Molly Gibson said that the award was a great
  honor for her.
• Use ellipses to indicate omitted material
• How do I love thee? I love thee with the
  breath, smiles, tears of all my life

13
Punctuating Quotations II

• Commas and periods go inside the closing
  quotation marks question marks, semi-colons,
  colons, and exclamation points are placed
  according to the logic of the sentence
• Do you know how to sing God Save the Queen?
• People always ask me, How do you keep your
  garden in bloom all year round?
• Bart exclaimed, Ay, caramba!
• Then the jerk told me he needed more space!
• Quotations are enclosed in double quotes
  quotations embedded within quotations are
  indicated by single quotes
• She said, This so-called free and fair
  election is a travesty of justice.