Dias nummer 1

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Learning Theory and Learning Politics
Professor Knud Illeris The Danish School of
Education University of Aarhus 19th March 2009
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Six Basic Statements on the Nature of Human
Learning
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N.F.S. Grundtvig (1783-1872)

• No one has ever lived who has become clever on
  anything he did not already care for (1834)
• Den har aldrig levet, som klog på det er blevet,
  han først ej havde kær
• Active motivation is necessary for important
  learning

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Karl Marx (1818-1883)

• The human essence is no abstraction inherent in
  each single individual. In its reality it is the
  ensemble of the social relations (1848)
• Det menneskelige væsen er ikke noget abstraktum,
  det enkelte individ iboende. I sin virkelighed er
  det indbegrebet af samfundsforholdene
• Human development and learning mirror the
  conditions of society

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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

• It is quite usual that we avoid thinking of what
  only causes dislike (1895)
• Det er ganske almindeligt, at vi undgår at tænke
  på det, der kun vækker ulyst
• We develop a defence towards psychological strain

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Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

• Intellectual adaptation ... consists of putting
  an assimilatory mechanism and a complementary
  accommodation into a progressive equilibrium
  (1936)
• Intellektuel bearbejdelse ... består i at
  afbalancere en assimilativ mekanisme og en
  komplementær akkomodation i en fremadskridende
  ligevægt
• There are two fundamentally different kinds of
  learning

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Jean Lave (1939-)

• Learning is an integral part of generative social
  practice there is no activity that is not
  situated (1991)
• Læring er en integreret del af social udvikling i
  praksis der findes ingen aktivitet som ikke er
  situeret
• All learning is imbued with the social practice
  in which it is generated

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Antonio Damasio (1944-)

• Biological drives, bodily conditions and emotions
  are ... an indispensable basis for rationality
  (1994)
• Biologiske drifter, kropstilstande og emotioner
  er ... et uundværligt grundlag for rationalitet
• Emotions are always an integrated part of
  rationality

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Six basic conditions of learning

• Active motivation is necessary for important
  learning (Grundtvig 1834)
• Human development and learning mirror the
  conditions of society (Marx 1848)
• We develop a defence towards psychological strain
  (Freud 1895)
• There are two fundamentally different kinds of
  learning (Piaget 1936)
• All learning is imbued with the social practice
  in which it is generated (Lave 1991)
• Emotions are always an integrated part of
  rationality (Damasio 1994)

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CONTENT
INCENTIVE
acquisition
INDIVIDUAL
Inter- action
ENVIRONMENT
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CONTENT
INCENTIVE
Grundtvig
Piaget
Damasio

Freud
Marx
Lave
ENVIRONMENT
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Conclusion

• Contemporary education policies overlook or
• underrate particularly the motivational
• and emotional sides of learning
• Hereby the apparently rational policy becomes
• fundamentally irrational (also economically)