Nomenclature and Anatomy of Flowers

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Nomenclature and Anatomy of Flowers
Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education
Curriculum Office June 2002
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A complete flower has 4 parts present

• sepals
• petals
• stamens
• pistils

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Sepal

• One of the outermost flower structures
• Commonly small, green, leaflike structures
• When the sepals and petals appear the same (such
  as lilies), they are called tepals
• Collective word for sepals and petals is called
  perianth

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Petals

• Usually conspicuously colored
• Collectively called the corolla
• Normally positioned between sepals and inner
  flower parts

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Stamens

• Threadlike extensions that stand upright from the
  perianth
• Male reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the anther and the filament

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Pistils

• Female reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the stigma, style, and ovary

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Types of Flower Structure

• Solitary
• Inflorescence

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Solitary Flowers

• Flowers that form singly on upright stalks
• Ex tulips, roses, daffodils

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Inflorescence

• A flower that is made up of several florets
• Flowers have a branching pattern from the main
  stem
• The main stalk of an inflorescence is a peduncle,
  stalks that support the florets are called
  pedicels

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Types of Inflorescence
Spike

• Has an elongated inflorescence on the main stem.
• Ex liatris, gladiolus

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Types of Inflorescence
Raceme

• Similar to a spike except florets arent directly
  attached to the stem
• Ex delphinium

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Types of Inflorescence
Corymb

• Has a flat top or slightly convex shape
• Has main stem with pedicels of unequal length
• Ex yarrow

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Types of Inflorescence
Cyme

• Broad and flat topped
• Has divisions that arise below a terminal flower
• Ex Bird of Paradise

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Types of Inflorescence
Umbel

• Flower cluster that is easily recognized
• Simple umbel has single pedicelled flowers all
  arising from the top of the main stem. Ex
  agapanthus
• Compound umbel has secondary umbels arising from
  main stem. Ex Queen Annes Lace

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Types of Inflorescence
Spadix

• Thick flower spike surrounded by a conspicuous
  bract.
• The spathe (bract) is often mistakenly identified
  as the flower
• Ex Anthurium

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Types of Inflorescence
Catkin

• Slender , scaly-bracted inflorescence found on
  woody plants
• Ex Willow, alder, birch

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Types of Inflorescence
Head Flower

• Short, dense cluster of flowers in a flat pattern
• Ex sunflowers

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Leaf Parts

• Blade
• Petiole
• Stipules

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Leaf Types

• Simple leaf leaf with a single blade
• Compound leaf leaf with more than one blade
  (leaflets)

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Leaf Vein Patterns

• Vein patterns in leaf blades are called venation
• Types
• parallel
• palmate
• pinnate

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Leaf Shapes

• Basic outline of the blade make up the shape of
  the leaf
• Ex oblong, linear, pelate, elliptic

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Leaf Margins

• Edge of the leaf blade is called a margin
• The appearance of the margin can affect the
  texture of a design
• Ex entire, undulate, serrate, lobed