SADOMASOCHISM

1
SADOMASOCHISM

• Kristen Ellison, Stephanie Efferson, Alexandra
  DePrince, Anatesha Dunn

2
DSM-IV Criteria For Sadism

• Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent,
  intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual
  urges, or behaviors involving the act (real, not
  simulated) of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or
  otherwise made to suffer
• The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause
  clinically significant distress or impairment in
  social, occupational, or other important areas of
  functioning.

3
DSM-IV Criteria for Masochism

• Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent,
  intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual
  urges, or behaviors involving acts (real, not
  simulated) in which the psychological or physical
  suffering (including humiliation) of the victim
  is sexually exciting to the person.
• The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause
  clinically significant distress or impairment in
  social, occupational, or other important areas of
  functioning.

4
Definitions

• Sadist- A person who derives sexual satisfaction
  from inflicting pain on another person
• Masochist- A person who derives sexual
  satisfaction from experiencing pain.
• Sadomasochism- The consensual interaction between
  a sadist and masochist (Hyde and DeLamater 429).

5
Causes of Masochism and Sadism

• Learning Theory- conditioning a little boy is
  being spanked over his mothers knee and his penis
  rubs against her knee and he gets an erection.
  The child learns to associate pain to sexual
  arousal setting up a lifelong career as a
  masochist (Hyde and DeLamater 430).

6
Causes of Masochism and Sadism

• Psychoanalytic Theory- result of childhood trauma
  or significant childhood experiences that
  manifest itself in exhibitionistic behavior
  (Sexual Masochism).

7
Causes of Masochism and Sadism

• Behavioral Learning Theory- models suggest that a
  child who is the victim or observer of
  inappropriate sexual behaviors learn to imitate
  and is later reinforced for the behavior (Sexual
  Masochism).

8
Causes of Masochism and Sadism

• Physiological Theory- focuses on the relationship
  between hormones, behavior, and the central
  nervous system with particular interest of
  aggression and male sexual hormones (Sexual
  Masochism).

9
Treatments

• Treatment is rarely provided unless a sadist is
  convicted for assault on a non-consenting victim.
  
• If the actions of the sadist are brought to
  attention and treatment is sought there are
  various options.
• Pharmalogical- medication treatments
  medoroxyprogesterone acetate Depro-Vera and
  cyproterone acetate decrease levels of
  circulating testerone decreasing drive and
  aggression (Sexual Masochism).

10
Treatments

• Surgical- castration and steroatactic
  neurosurgery
• Psychotherapy- aimed at uncovering and working
  through the underlying cause of the behavior.
• Cognitive-Behavioral- Aversive conditioning
  using stimuli to decrease and eliminate behavior
  (Sexual Masochism).

11
Statistics

• Men typically enjoy sadomasochism starting in
  childhood.
• Women are usually introduced to sadomasochism by
  someone else.
• Most participants in sadomasochism are
  heterosexual.
• Women prefer bondage, spanking, oral sex, and
  master-slave role playing (Hyde and DeLamater
  430).

12
Statistics

• Sadomasochist fantasies are common but most
  people who find these fantasies arousing do not
  want to experience them in real life (Masters et
  al.).
• Some individuals are bothered by their sadist or
  masochist fantasies (DSM-IV 529-30).

13
Milder Forms of Sadomasochism

• 24 mammals other than humans bite during sex.
• 26 of men and women experience arousal at being
  bitten (Hyde and DeLamater 430).
• 18 of men and 20 of women have used a blindfold
  during sex (Klein 81).

14
Typical Forms of Sadomasochism

• 5-10 of the US population engages in
  sadomasochism for sexual pleasure on at least an
  occasional basis with most incidences being mild
  or staged activities involving no real pain or
  violence (Reinisch 162-63).
• Of 178 men that responded to a survey in SM
  magazine, the majority had tried and enjoyed
  humiliation, bondage, spanking, whipping, fetish
  behavior, tying up with ropes, and master-slave
  roles (Hyde and DeLamater 430).

15
Typical Forms of Sadomasochism

• In one survey of 130 men and 52 women
• -33 of men and 28 women preferred
• dominate roles.
• -41 of men and 40 of women
• preferred submissive roles
• -26 of men and 32 of women are versatile
  (Hyde and DeLamater 430).

16
Sadomasochism Today

• Sadomasochism is gaining more popularity.
• There is an SM themed restaurant in New York
  that a person can pay 20 to be humiliated by the
  staff. (i.e. spanking or whipping) (Luck)

17
Works Cited

• Firdy, M. B. (Ed.). (1994). Diagnostic and
  Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th
  ed.). Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric
  Association.
• Hyde, J.S. DeLamater, J.D.
• Understanding Human Sexuality. (8th ed.).
  Boston McGraw Hill. (429-431).
• Luck, Otto. The Nice Little SM Restaurant Down
  the Block. NY Rock. May 1999. 4 April 2004.
  lthttp//www.nyrock.com/spc/1999/maison.aspgt
• Masters, W., Johnson, V., Kolodny, R.
• (1985). Human sexuality (2nd ed.). Boston
  Little, Brown Co., p.447.
• Reinisch, J.M. (1990). Kinsey Institute New
  Report on Sex, St. Martins Press pg. 162-163.
• Sexual Masochism. Psychology Today. 10
  October 2002.