Waste separation in the Netherlands

1
Waste separation in the Netherlands

• Jan Vlak
• Waste Management Administration of SenterNovem
• Amsterdam, 2-6-2005

2
Content

• Situation 1990 - 1991
• Establishment and tasks Waste Management Council
• Waste management Plan 2002-2012
• Components and results of separate collection
• Costs
• Systems and types of separate collection
• What do we do to improve the results
• Stimulation programme - STAP
• Variable charging
• Concluding remarks - current issues in
  Dutchmunicipal waste management

3
Situation 1990-1991

• Rapid growing waste volumes
• 157 landfills, partly not well equipped capacity
  sufficient for only 4 years ahead
• Insufficient incineration capacity 5
  incinerators closed because of dioxin emissions
• Low recovery rates 55 for all waste streams
  together
• Separate collection of household waste only 16
  
• Municipalities responsible for household waste
  provinces responsible for planning, permitting,
  enforcement
• Lack of cooperation between the three layers of
  government
• Provincial borders closed for waste transports
• Lack of data on waste and a small scaled,
  inefficient waste sector

4
Waste Management Council

• Established in 1990 - based on a co-operation
  agreement between the three layers of government
• Council (political level) scientific staff

5 representatives from VNG
(municipal association)
5 representatives from IPO (provincial
association)
Independent chairman
5 representatives from Ministry of Environment
5
Tasks

• Drawing up national waste management plan and
  special programs on separate collection
• Monitoring and evaluation progress in waste
  management
• Advising government on policy issues
• Supporting and advising provincial and national
  government in licensing
• information centre on waste
• From 1 January 2005 on, the tasks of the Bureau
  Waste Mangement Council are transferred to the
  Waste Management Administration of SenterNovem,
  an executive agency under the responsibility of
  the Economic Department.

6
Waste management Plan 2002 - 2012

• General policy framework
• Objectives
• encourage waste prevention
• encouragement of waste recovery separation at
  source and post-separation
• optimal exploitation of the energy content of
  waste which cannot be recycled
• limiting the amount of waste for disposal

7
Components and targets of separate collectionof
household waste

• organic waste
• glass (one way packaging)
• paper and board
• textiles
• small scale hazardous waste
• white and brown goods, electrics
• Total

• 55
• 90
• 75
• 50
• 90
• 90
• 60

8
Results 2003 (1)

• 8,7 Mton household waste
• 53 separate collection
• organic waste 88 kg/inh
• paper/board 62 kg/inh
• glass 21 kg/inh
• textiles 33 kg/inh
• hazardous 1,3 kg/inh

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Results 2003
10
Composition residual waste
Rest
11
Organic waste
35
WEEE/Hazrdous
1
Textile
3
Ferro
4
Glass
4
Plastics
Paper/board
16
26
11
Separate collection and urbanization
12
Systems for separate collection

• Organic waste
• Paper/board
• Glass
• Textiles
• Hazardous waste
• White/browns

• kerbside, weekly, city-bin
• paper-banks, kerbside, monthly
• bottle-banks
• kerbside, 4 times a year, bag, textile-banks
• door-to-door, 4 times a year, box, central depot,
  shops
• door-to-door on demand, central depot, shop (old
  for new)

13
Type of collection service
14
Total costs household waste (2003)

• Total costs 1,6 million euro
• Collection 850 million euro
• Recovery and disposal 750 million euro

15
Avarage cost for a household
16
Municipal waste recycling
17
What do and did we do to get there?

• Co-operation between three levels of government
  in the Waste Management Council
• Stimulation municipalities - STAP
• Variable charging

18
Stimulation Programme on Separation of household
waste (STAP)

• Start 2001- 2007
• Target
• more waste prevention
• more separate collection
• Target group municapalities
• Philosophy
• learning by doing and exchange of knowledge
• benchmarking
• communication
• subsidies

19
Learning by doing - exchange of knowledge

• Annual Municipal Waste Congres
• Special interest workshops (on organic waste
  variable charging, etc.)
• Benchmarking ?

20
Benchmarking waste management

• Benchmarking is
• to compare results, facts and figures,
• to find best-practices,
• and finding reasons why specific practices are
  succesfull
• Benchmark 2005
• third time
• 30 munacipilities participate in the
  benchmarkproces ( 40 online)

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The waste triangle
22
Results benchmark
23
Communication

• www.afvalscheiding.info (site)
• Afval Informatief (magazine)
• Information desk (telephone)
• VROM-campaign (TV-spots this summer)

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SAM

• Started in 2001
• Financial support 2,4 million euro each year
• 226 projects subsidized for making plans and
  executing the plans for improving collection
  systems, communication and monitoring
• 289 municapalities (gt60)
• Effects
• New impulse for municipal waste separation
• Quantitative effects not yet known

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Variable charging

• 89 of the Dutch municipalities have implemented
  a system of variable charging 61 on number of
  persons/household and 27 on waste supply (140
  municipalities)
• Characteristics of municipalities with variable
  charging relatively small (average size 25.000
  inh) number of inhabitants of municipalities
  without variable charging 36.000 inh.
• Rural municipalities more than urban
  municipalities

28
Systems

• Volume Tarif based on the volume of the
  container (39 municipalities)
• Weight Tarif based on weight of the waste (19
  municipalities)Frequency Tarif based on how
  often the container was put on the curbside to be
  emptied (always in combination with the volume of
  the container (55 municipalities) or weight (4
  municipalities)
• Expensive bag Only special wastebags are
  accepted which are sold by the municipality (20
  municipalities)

29
Supply of residual waste (kg/inh)
30
Supply of residual waste and separate collected
fractions (kg/inh)
31
Concluding remarks - current issues in
Dutchmunicipal waste management

• Polluter pays principle - more and more
  municipalities implement a system of variable
  charging
• Producer responsibility for packaging per
  1-1-2006
• More policy freedom for organic waste collection
  - From GFT to T
• Improving the life environment clean, safe,
  decrease litter
• To keep the costs of waste management low,
  economic incentives should be introduced
  competition, benchmark, transparency