Title: Classification and Diversity
1Classification and Diversity
2What do you think?
- What does classification mean?
- Why is classification important?
- When do we use classification systems in our
everyday lives?
Books at the library, CDs and movies, even
people!
3Chapter Objectives
- Learn about the history of classification
systems - Discuss classification keys and their usefulness
- Study Phylogenic trees and Cladograms
- Outline the 6 Kingdom system and its criteria
4What exactly is classification?
- Classification is part of a field of science
known as taxonomy. - Taxonomy is the science of grouping and
organizing living things.
5Meet Aristotle
Aristotle classified all living organisms as
either a plant or an animal. He further
classified animals by where they lived, and
plants by their size.
6Aristotles Classification Scheme
PLANTS
ANIMALS
7 PLANTS
SHORT (Herbs) MEDIUM
(Shrubs) TALL (Trees)
8 ANIMALS
LAND
WATER
AIR
9What are some problems with this classification
system?
- Some animals live in more than one habitat during
their lives. - Most plants start small and grow larger.
10These problems were recognized by Carolus
Linnaeus
The Father of Modern Taxonomy
11Carolus Linnaeus
- Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who lived in the
18th century. - He decided to classify organisms based on their
visible similarities and differences in structure.
12Carolus Linnaeus
- Linnaeus made three huge contributions to modern
taxonomy - Using structural criteria for classification
- Establishing the 7 taxa currently used.
- Created the Binomial Nomenclature
13The 7 Taxa
Pneumonic Device King Phillip Came Over For Gin
ger (Good) Snaps (Sex)
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Used in Scientific Names
147 Taxa
15Did you notice?
- As you go down through the 7 taxa, you get more
and more details about the organism you are
looking at. - Organisms get more and more similar from top to
bottom.
16Lets Classify Us!
- Lets classify a human
- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Class Mammalia
- Order Primates
- Family Hominidae
- Genus Homo
- Species Sapiens
17Binomial Nomenclature
- Binomial nomenclature is a two word naming
system. - The first term describes the organisms genus
while the second term describes the species.
18Genus and Species
- Organisms placed in the same genus have similar
structures (look the same). - Organisms with the same species name are so
similar they would be able to reproduce under
normal circumstances to produce fertile offspring.
19Binomial Nomenclature
- Scientific names are written in Latin and have
something to do with the organisms
characteristics or where they live. (Castor
canadensis) (Ursus horribilus) - Scientific names are written in italics or
underlined. - The first term is always capitalized while the
second isnt - Example Homo sapiens ? humans
- Homo sapiens
- H. sapiens
20Examples of Scientific Names
- Canis lupus ? Wolf
- Canis familiaris ? Dog
- These organisms are structurally similar (same
genus) but different species (cannot reproduce
under normal circumstances to produce fertile
offspring)
21Scientific Names
- Equus caballus - horse
- Equus asinus donkey
- When a donkey and a horse reproduce, their
offspring is a mule, which is sterile.
22Check out the Scientific Names