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Classification and Diversity

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SHORT (Herbs) MEDIUM (Shrubs) TALL (Trees) ANIMALS. LAND WATER AIR ... Most plants start small and grow larger. These problems were recognized by. Carolus Linnaeus ' ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Classification and Diversity


1
Classification and Diversity
2
What do you think?
  • What does classification mean?
  • Why is classification important?
  • When do we use classification systems in our
    everyday lives?

Books at the library, CDs and movies, even
people!
3
Chapter Objectives
  • Learn about the history of classification
    systems
  • Discuss classification keys and their usefulness
  • Study Phylogenic trees and Cladograms
  • Outline the 6 Kingdom system and its criteria

4
What exactly is classification?
  • Classification is part of a field of science
    known as taxonomy.
  • Taxonomy is the science of grouping and
    organizing living things.

5
Meet Aristotle

Aristotle classified all living organisms as
either a plant or an animal. He further
classified animals by where they lived, and
plants by their size.
6
Aristotles Classification Scheme
  • ALL LIVING ORGANISMS

PLANTS
ANIMALS
7
PLANTS
SHORT (Herbs) MEDIUM
(Shrubs) TALL (Trees)
8
ANIMALS
LAND
WATER
AIR
9
What are some problems with this classification
system?
  • Some animals live in more than one habitat during
    their lives.
  • Most plants start small and grow larger.

10
These problems were recognized by Carolus
Linnaeus
The Father of Modern Taxonomy
11
Carolus Linnaeus
  • Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who lived in the
    18th century.
  • He decided to classify organisms based on their
    visible similarities and differences in structure.

12
Carolus Linnaeus
  • Linnaeus made three huge contributions to modern
    taxonomy
  • Using structural criteria for classification
  • Establishing the 7 taxa currently used.
  • Created the Binomial Nomenclature

13
The 7 Taxa
Pneumonic Device King Phillip Came Over For Gin
ger (Good) Snaps (Sex)
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species

Used in Scientific Names
14
7 Taxa
15
Did you notice?
  • As you go down through the 7 taxa, you get more
    and more details about the organism you are
    looking at.
  • Organisms get more and more similar from top to
    bottom.

16
Lets Classify Us!
  • Lets classify a human
  • Kingdom Animalia
  • Phylum Chordata
  • Class Mammalia
  • Order Primates
  • Family Hominidae
  • Genus Homo
  • Species Sapiens

17
Binomial Nomenclature
  • Binomial nomenclature is a two word naming
    system.
  • The first term describes the organisms genus
    while the second term describes the species.

18
Genus and Species
  • Organisms placed in the same genus have similar
    structures (look the same).
  • Organisms with the same species name are so
    similar they would be able to reproduce under
    normal circumstances to produce fertile offspring.

19
Binomial Nomenclature
  • Scientific names are written in Latin and have
    something to do with the organisms
    characteristics or where they live. (Castor
    canadensis) (Ursus horribilus)
  • Scientific names are written in italics or
    underlined.
  • The first term is always capitalized while the
    second isnt
  • Example Homo sapiens ? humans
  • Homo sapiens
  • H. sapiens

20
Examples of Scientific Names
  • Canis lupus ? Wolf
  • Canis familiaris ? Dog
  • These organisms are structurally similar (same
    genus) but different species (cannot reproduce
    under normal circumstances to produce fertile
    offspring)

21
Scientific Names
  • Equus caballus - horse
  • Equus asinus donkey
  • When a donkey and a horse reproduce, their
    offspring is a mule, which is sterile.

22
Check out the Scientific Names
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