ICT, Education Reform, and Economic Development

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• ICT, Education Reform, and Economic Development
• Dr. Robert Kozma October 2007 Dead Sea,
  Jordan

LINC 2007 KEYNOTE
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Economic Development Rationale

• Many countries are using an economic development
  rationale to justify the planned use of ICT in
  schools

U.S. national technology plan was in response to
. . . ever increasing competition in the global
economy
Irelands plan was described as . . . vital to
ensure that we acquire important skills needed to
secure our future economic wellbeing
Jordans ICT-based reform effort was to make
the education sector responsive to employment
market demands in key industries and develop
critical Knowledge Economy skills at all levels
of the education system
Singapores second ICT master plan was launched
to help students prepare for a more competitive
future and a new, innovation-driven economic
era

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Economic Development Rationale

• What is the connection between ICT and economic
  and social development?
• What is the connection between education and
  economic and social development?
• What are the mechanisms by which we can use ICT
  and education to support economic development
  and broad-based prosperity?

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Growth Accounting
in GDP Growth
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Basis for Economic Growth

• Two sources of economic growth
• Capital accumulation
• Increased productivity
• Capital deepening
• High quality labor
• Knowledge creation and innovation

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Productivity-Based Growth

• Capital Deepening
• Productivity based on the uptake of new, more
  productive equipment and technologies

ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
DR. ROBERT KOZMA
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Productivity-Based Growth

• High quality labor
• Productivity based on the ability of the
  workforce to increase the quantity and value of
  their output

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Productivity-Based Growth

• Knowledge creation and innovation
• Productivity based on the creation of new
  knowledge, products, industries, and ways of
  doing business.

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Unique Character of Knowledge

• Non-rivalrous
• Used by more than one person
• Used without destroying
• Marginal reproduction and distribution costs
• Used to create new knowledge

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Unique Character of Knowledge
Virtuous Cycle of Development
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Education Economic Growth

• What skills must a workforce acquire to support
  economic growth?
• What kinds of changes must take place in the
  education system to support economic growth?

ICT, EDUCATION REFORM, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
DR. ROBERT KOZMA
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Economic Growth Education Change
Economy Based on CapitalAccumulation
Economy Based on Productivity
Education Based on Basic Skills
Education ReformBased on Development of
HumanCapacity
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Productivity Growth Education Reform
Capital Deepening
High Quality Labor
Knowledge Innovation
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Deepening
Knowledge Creation
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Policy Goals
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Deepening
Knowledge Creation
Prepare students for hi-tech workforce
Prepare students to add value to their work
Prepare students for knowledge-driven economy
Increase education quality and technology skills
Who can use knowledge to solve complex, real
world problems
Supported by a creative, flexible workforce
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Curriculum and Assessment
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Deepening
Knowledge Creation
Focus on facts, simple principles, and computer
applications applied to standard procedures
Focus on deep understanding of key concepts and
their application to solve real world problems
Focus on innovativeness, knowledge creation, and
lifelong learning
Assessed by standardized tests
Assessed by complex, real world tasks
Assessed by a community of users
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Teaching and Learning
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Deepening
Knowledge Creation
Direct instruction
Collaborative teams work on complex real world
projects
Developing communities of learners who build on
each others knowledge
Students doing individual seat work
And develop self-learning skills
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Technology Applications
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Deepening
Knowledge Creation
Productivity applications, ICT skill development,
and tutorial software
Simulations, multimedia to support understanding
and the application of knowledge to solve problems
Computers and digital devices everywhere
Virtual environments and knowledge-building tools
Networks for management
Networks for collaboration
Networks for community
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Social Infrastructure
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Deepening
Knowledge Creation
Focus on hierarchy and accountability
Collaborative teaching and learning
Anytime, anywhere, life-long learning
Self-sustaining, cross-age, cross-sector
knowledge communities
Little teacher or student autonomy
Breaking disciplinary and physical boundaries
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Educational Transformation

• What kind of change needs to take place in
  education?

Systemic Change

• What role can ICT play?

A Lever for Change
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Change and the Education System
PEDAGOGY
ICT
Education
CURRICULUM
ASSESSMENT
TEACHER TRAINING
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Change and the Education System
PEDAGOGY
ICT
ICT
CURRICULUM
ASSESSMENT
TEACHER TRAINING
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Change and the Education System
PEDAGOLGY
PEDAGOGY
ICT
CURRICULUM
ASSESSMENT
CURRICULUM
ASSESSMENT
TEACHER TRAINING
TEACHER TRAINING
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Change and the Education System
PEDAGOGY
ICT
CURRICULUM
ASSESSMENT
TEACHER TRAINING
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Requirements for Change

• Have a vision
• Create a plan
• Build alignment
• Between policies and programs
• Within agencies
• Across agencies

• Look for levers
• Provide resources
• Team with partners