Overview of the Higher Education Enhancement Program in Egypt

1
Overview of the Higher Education Enhancement
Program in Egypt

• By
• Dr. MOHSEN ELMAHDY SAID
• Professor, Mechanical Design Production
  Department,
• Faculty of Engineering Cairo University, Giza
  Egypt
• Former Chairman of NQAAC and QAAP in Egypt
• Executive Director and Chairman of the Board,
• Projects Management Unit (PMU),
• Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Cairo
  Egypt
• Member of the International Commission (IC),
• Council for Higher Education Accreditation
  (CHEA), Washington, U.S.A.
• Member of the UNESCO Higher Education Expert
  Group
• Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-Border
  Higher Education
• Member of the Fulbright New Century Scholars
  Program (NCS)

2
Contents

• Government Plans to Reform Higher Education
• Previous Initiatives
• Ongoing and Future Initiatives

3
National Goals of Egypt

• To achieve sustainable development
• To maintain strong economic growth
• To strengthen community and build
• cohesive society

4
A Goal for Educationin the 21st Century

• To establish a quality education system that
  provides learning experience relevant to current
  and future needs for Egyptian continued economic
  social development

5
Graduate Profile Neededfor the 21st Century

• To improve quality of graduate profile which
  Egypt needs to meet the challenges of the 21st
  century through
• Improving self and long life learning
  capabilities
• Developing self confidence through career
  self-management
• Promoting communication and collaboration skills
• Promoting creative thinking and problem solving
  skills
• Developing leadership skills
• Emphasizing culture and language literacy
• Emphasizing Professional codes of ethics and
  honesty

6
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7
Education System in Egypt (1982 - 2005)

• 1982 2005
• No. of Students Enrolled (in Thousands)
  11,480 16,500
• No. of Teachers (in Thousands) 120 750
• Government Budget (in Million L.E.) 4,800
  17,500
• (in Million US - 1 US 5.0 L.E.) (960)
  (4500)
• No. of Public Schools 15,000 39,000
• No. of Private Schools (percent of Public) 7
  7-10
• Percent of Students enrolled in Compulsory
• Education (age group 6 13 years) 89
  98
• Percent of Students enrolled in Secondary
• Education (age group 14 17) 23 65

8
Higher Education System in Egypt (1982 - 2005)

• 1982 2005
• No. of Students Enrolled (in Thousands) 637
  2,200
• No. of Staff Members (in Thousands) 13
  60
• Government Budget (in Million L.E.) 480
  6500
• (1 US 3.4 L.E. 5.75 L.E.) in US (96)
  (1200)
• No. of Public Universities (including branches)
  11(14) 15 (20)
• No. of Private Universities (students admitted)
  1 (3500) 9 (40000)
• No. of H.E. Institutes (Public/Private)
  --/-- 51/80
• No. of Middle Technical Institutes (ETC) 23
  (--) 45 (8)
• Percent of Students Enrolled in H.E. 16.0
  30.5
• (age group 18 23 years)

9

• Indicators for development
• in state universities

2003/04 1993/94 1981/82 Years Aspects
12 (8) 12 (8) 11 (3) Number of universities (branches)
278 202 Number of colleges
65 062 38 840 13 000 Total number of faculty members assistants
1 252 000 520 000 Enrollment in undergraduate level education
162 700 100 808 Enrollment in graduate level education
5 984 2 180 480 Universities budget (in million pounds)
6 333 5 026 4300 Cost per student (in pounds)
121 619 62 667 30 000 Number of students in universities residence
Calculated per full-time students
10

• Indicators for development in
• other Higher Education Institutions

Gov. Higher Institutes Private Higher Institutes Al-Azhar University American University Private universities Type
5 59 1 1 6 Number of Institutions
531 3 954 9 019 326 1 566 Total number of faculty members assistant Staff (2003/04)
3 234 129 084 108 308 3 404 ------ Enrollment in university level education (1994/95)
8 357 313 632 337 975 3 973 34 542 Enrollment in undergraduate level (2003/04)
---- ---- 13 741 888 ----- Enrollment in graduate level
11

• Indicators for development
• in higher education system
• ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????

2003/04 1993/94 1981/82 Aspects Aspects
51.5 40 Female Enrollment in undergraduate level
48.5 60 Male Enrollment in undergraduate level
35.6 32.4 Applied sciences Enrollment in faculties colleges
64.4 67.6 Social/human sciences Enrollment in faculties colleges
41 31 Female Enrollment in Graduate level
59 69 Male Enrollment in Graduate level
12

• Growth in enrollment rates for higher education
  according to population age group (18-23)
• ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????
  ?????? ?????

Enrollment in HE within the age group (18-23) Enrollment in university education per thousand citizen Total Enrollment in HE Population (million) years
16.9 18.3 771 000 42 1985/86
21.3 20.2 1 233 000 61 1995/96
30.5 30.2 2 025 000 67 2002/03

• There was an increase that reached 5 through
  10 years (85-95)
• Increase reached 9 throughout 6 years (96-2002)

13
Growth in enrollment rates for graduate level
education compared to population ???? ???? ??????
???????? ????????? ???? ??????
Enrollment in graduate against undergraduate level Enrollment in graduate level per thousand citizen Total Enrollment in graduate level Population (million) years
11 2.0 84 560 42 1985/86
8 1.6 99 216 61 1995/96
8 2.3 157 971 67 2002/03
14
Current and Previous Reform Initiatives

• Primary Education (ongoing/extended)
• Construction rehabilitation of school buildings
  and infrastructure (A World Bank supported
  project)
• Secondary Education (ongoing/extended)
• Teacher training and curricula development
  program
• (A World Bank/European Union supported project)
• Tertiary Education (completed 1991 1998)
• Development of engineering and technical
  education project, ETEP (A World Bank supported
  project)
• Higher Education Enhancement Project
• Currently being implemented as part of the Higher
  Education Reform Strategy (HEEP first phase
  2002-2007)

15
ETEP Achievements(EEDP)

• Engineering Education Development Program (EEDP)
• Implemented 159 projects/labs ( 97 success
  rate)
• Involved over 15 of the engineering staff
  members in the developmental activities of EEDP
• Developed model curricula for six basic and
  engineering science courses and disseminated them
  among all faculties
• Supported Links between academia and industry
• Developed pilot modern instructional tools (in
  electronic format)
• Introduced institutional self evaluation and
  quality assurance mechanisms (pilot implemented
  in three faculties)
• Established a comprehensive engineering education
  database accessible to all engineering faculties
• Initiated Library automation and
  Internet/Intranet connectivity, linking 18
  faculties of engineering

16
ETEP Achievements (TTEDP)

• Technical Teacher Education Development Program
  (TTEDP)
• Established two Industrial Education Colleges
  (IECs) to produce integrated teacher
  (theory-com-practice) graduates
• Established teacher training development
  centers in both IECs,
• Refurbished developed infrastructure, and
  equipped 76 labs and workshops
• Developed 180 courses in 10 specializations
  (local development and International assessment)
• Trained the core staff members in Holland and
  England
• (31Master degree students and 7 Ph.D. students)
• Implemented in-service training programs for
  teachers
• Initiated Internet labs and library automation in
  both IECs
• Provided multi-media based courseware and
  up-to-date instructional materials (some in
  electronic format)

17
Ongoing and Future Initiatives

• Higher Education Enhancement Project
• Currently supported by the World Bank
• (2002 2007)
• HEEP
• Tertiary education at large is currently
  considered to
• completely reform the whole education sector in
  Egypt

18
HEEP Development Objectives

• Create the conditions fundamental to improving
  the quality and efficiency of the higher
  education system in Egypt
• (through legislative reform, institutional
  restructuring, and establishment of independent
  quality assurance mechanisms and monitoring
  systems)

19
HEEP Development Procedures

• To establish a strategic framework and general
  policy for the development of higher education
• Long range plan for 15 years
• Medium range plan for 10 years
• Short range plan for 5 years
• (Plans correspond to Government five-year plans)
  
• To identify priority areas for development and
  funding
• To establish mechanisms to secure ongoing and
  sustainable support for the reform process

20
Strategy Development Procedures

• National Committee was formed of 25 personalities
  concerned with H.E.
• Six Sub-committees formed of over 50 persons
• Study Tours were arranged to the U.K., France,
  Australia and New Zealand
• International Symposium was organized inviting
  experts in H.E. reform
• National Conference to endorse reform plans

21
Higher Education Reform Topics

• Structural reform and diversification
• Performance development and evaluation
• Undergraduate education systems reform
• Post-graduate and research reform
• Economics and finance
• Relevance of H.E. to community needs
• Common factors quality, evaluation and finance

22
Partners for HEEP Success

• Local
• Local organizations (Government NGOs)
• Private sector (Businessmen industrialists)
• Political sector and public figures
• Ministries of Education Higher Education
• Academy of Scientific Research
• Supreme Council of Universities
• Sector committees from diverse specializations
• Academia and administration
• Religious and community leaders
• Media and press
• Students and Parents
• Other representatives from the diverse community

23
Partners for HEEP Success

• International
• The World Bank (IBRD)
• European Union (EU)
• Agency for International Development (USAID)
• UNESCO
• Ford Foundation (FF)
• Department for International Development (DFID)
• Arab Gulf Fund (AGFUND)
• Other funding Agencies (ADB, JICA, GTZ, DAAD,
  etc.)

24
Higher Education Reform Strategy

• Translated into twenty five projects in the
  diverse areas related to improving quality,
  efficiency and relevance of higher education

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Funding Sources to Support EgyptsH. E.
Strategic Reform Plan

• Estimated funds needed for Phase I (Endorsed by
  Cabinet of Ministers)
• (years 2002 2007) (720 m L.E.) Equivalent to
  about 150.0 m US
• Available Funds
• World Bank HEEP
• IBRD 50.0 m US
• IDA (10 m US funding units) Equivalent to
  about 14.0 m US
• GOE (Contribution of GOE in L.E. equivalent)
  10.0 m US
• DFID (In support of restructuring MTIs)
  0.6 m US
• FF (In support of Quality Assurance and
  Accreditation initiatives) 0.4 m US
• FF (Pathways to H.E. A 300 m US African
  Scholarships Program) 0.8 m US
• AGFUND (In support of training MTI faculty
  members) 0.5 m US
• EU (Tempus III years 2003 2006) 33.0 m US
• USAID (In support of Faculties of Education
  reform project) 12.0 m US
• Total 121.3 m US

27
LOAN BUDGET DISTRIBUTION IBRD Loan No. 4658 - EGT
TOTAL LOAN 50 MILLION US
NOTE IDA FUND (13 MILLION US)
28
DISBURSEMENT CATEGORIES IN PERCENTAGE OF THE LOAN
TOTAL LOAN 50 MILLION US
NOTE LOAN MODIFIED IN 18/12/2005
29
HEEP QUARTERLY CUMULATIVE EXPENDITURES (July
2002 March 2006)
MILLIONS
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
30
HEEP Performance Indicators

• Key legislative reforms enacted for universities
  to become effective self governing institutions
• Legislative reforms enacted to establish
  independent quality assurance mechanisms
• Consolidation of 45 MTIs into 8 TCs
• Legislative framework in place for the (TCs)
• to become self-governing institutions with
  linkages to the private sector
• MIS developed and operational for the
  post-secondary sector

31
Main Focal Areas for HEEP Implementation
Development

• Establish independent Quality Assurance and
  Accreditation Mechanisms (Projects No. 1, 24)
• Develop Faculties of Education Teacher Training
  (3)
• Restructure 45 MTIs and develop them into 8 TCs
  (8)
• Promote Faculty Development, Administration and
  Management Training (12, 15,16)
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
  related projects (7, 10, 15, 22)
• Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund (HEEPF)
  (23)

32
HEEP Six Priority Projects??????? ??????? ?????
??? ????????

• 1. Reform of Faculties of Education Project
• (FOEP) ????? ????? ????? ???????
• 2. Restructuring Middle Technical Institutes
  Project
• (ETCP) ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????
• 3. Faculty Development and Leadership Development
  Project
• (FLDP) ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????
  ?????????
• 4. Information Communication Technology related
  projects
• (ICTP) ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ???????????
• 5. Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund
• (HEEPF) ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
• 6. Quality Assurance and Accreditation Project
• (QAAP) ????? ????? ?????? ?????????

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Vision Mission ?????? ????????

• Knowledge???????
  
• Leading the knowledge society in knowledge
  production,
• dissemination and application
• Excellence and Competition ?????? ?????????
• Fostering quality, efficiency and relevance in
  higher education and research
• Leading Development ??????? ???????
• Defining and creating new dimensions for
  development
• and improving economic and social growth
• Creativity and Innovation ???????? ????????
• Establishing centers of scientific and
  technological excellence
• in higher education and research institutions

34
Extended Action Plan ????? ????? ??????? ??????
???????
1. Increasing the enrollment capacity and the
H.E. opportunities in the higher education
system ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????

2. Quality assurance performance based
governance ????? ?????? ????? ??????

3. Using ICT for improving the
performance of the higher education and research
institutions ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????
???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? 4.
Enhancement of the graduate studies scientific
research ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????
?? ?????? ??????? ?????? 5.
Faculty, leadership administration staff
professional development and continuous
training ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????
????????? ?????????? ????????? 6.
Fostering and improving student activities ???
??????? ???????? ?????? ???????

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Legislative Support for Sustainability?????????
???????? ????? ????????? ???????

• Among the key issues for sustainability of the
  reform programs is to establish three
  centers/units as part of the organization
  structure of each university
• Quality Assurance and Performance Appraisal
  Center (QAPAC) ???? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??????
• Faculty and Leadership Development Center (FLDC)
  ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????
• Projects Management Unit (PMU) and International
  Cooperation ???? ????? ?????????

36
Annex 1 Training courses
FLDP Training Matrix (?????? ??????)
Admin. Leaders Full Prof. Assoc. Prof. Assist. Prof. Teach. Assist. Training Courses Course Code Competency
The Standard for Computer Literacy G1 General Competency
40 Effective Teaching Skills T1 Teaching, Learning and Researching Competency
24 24 24 New Trends in Teaching T2 Teaching, Learning and Researching Competency
? ? ? ? ? Special Topics in Teaching T3 Teaching, Learning and Researching Competency
24 24 Research Methodology T4 Teaching, Learning and Researching Competency
16 16 16 16 University Community L1 Leadership Competency
24 24 Organization Development L2 Leadership Competency
24 24 24 24 D. Making P. Solving L3 Leadership Competency
16 16 Legal Affairs L4 Leadership Competency
16 16 Financial Affairs L5 Leadership Competency
40 40 40 Effective Presentation Skills I1 Interpersonal Competency
24 24 24 24 24 Communication Skills I2 Interpersonal Competency
16 16 16 Skill Development of Students I3 Interpersonal Competency
24 24 People Management I4 Interpersonal Competency
24 Group Dynamics I5 Interpersonal Competency
24 24 Thinking Skills P1 Personal Competency
24 24 Managerial Skills P2 Personal Competency
24 24 24 24 Time Stress Mgmt. P3 Personal Competency
16 16 16 16 16 16 Code of Ethics P4 Personal Competency
37
????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? (????? ?????
????? ???? ??????? ?????????) FLDP
Training Hour Cost (Universitys Contribution) Training Hour Cost (Projects contribution) Finish Start Activities
0 350 June 2005 September2004 RFP 1st Cycle
0 200 December 2005 July 2005 RFP 2nd Cycle
0 150 June 2006 January 2006 RFP 3rd Cycle
50 100 December 2006 July 2006 RFP 4th Cycle
100 50 June 2007 January 2007 RFP 5th Cycle
150 0 December 2007 July 2007 RFP 6th Cycle
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Integrated Quality Model in Higher Education
Realized Mission
Input
Process
Output
Mission Statement
Management
Study Programs
Achieved Goals
Graduates
Policy
Goals Aims
Staff
Research Projects
Scientific Production
Achieved Outcomes
Students
Expected Outcomes
Funding
Community Services
Satisfaction Stakeholders
Services
Facilities
39
Performance Evaluation of HEEP by World Bank
Biannual Supervision Missions
No. Project October 2004 June 2005 Mid-Term March 2006
1 Higher Education Enhancement Project Fund (HEEPF) Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory
2 Egyptian Technical Colleges Project (ETCP) Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory
3 Faculty of Education Enhancement Project (FOEP) Un-Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory
4 Faculty Leadership Development Project (FLDP) Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory
5 Information and Communications Tech. Project (ICTP) Not Evaluated Satisfactory Satisfactory
6 Quality Assurance and Accreditation Project (QAAP) Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory
40
Current Status of HEEP

• Visit HEEP Website
• www.heep.edu.eg

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Obstacles Facing Regional International
Partnerships

• Partnerships with Rogue Providers
• With Non-Accredited Institutions
• Not having adequate Legislations in place
• Institutions focusing on Profit making
  disregarding quality of their offerings

43
Other Priorities of Concern

• New Legislation including remuneration of faculty
  members
• Governance and selection criteria of
  University/Faculty Leadership
• True Institutional Autonomy (Academic, Financial
  and Administrative)
• Role of SCU, Sector Committees and other
  governing bodies in the presence of the new NQAAA
• Roadmap for higher education in Egypt

44
Concluding Remarks

• There is need to
• Encourage further research in higher education
  related topics to come up with more applicable,
  acceptable and sustainable policies
• Participate in digital libraries enabling a
  knowledge base for researchers to build upon
• Develop an information database to help
  Researchers better access information.
• Establish mechanism to verify the integrity of
  available data and/or generated data to enable
  researchers come up with tangible suggestions
  based on reliable data

45
Concluding Remarks

• There is need to
• Encourage further or future initiatives for
  regional and international partnerships in higher
  education with more applicable, acceptable and
  sustainable policies
• Promote and support partnerships among local,
  regional and international QAA bodies/agencies
• Develop an information database to help HEIs
  identify opportunities for relevant international
  partnerships

46
Concluding Remarks

• Quality measures cannot be implemented in
  isolation of a comprehensive H.E. reform program
• To establish an effective accreditation mechanism
  quality requirements have to be fulfilled first
• Creating the environment and promoting awareness
  within H.E. Institutions, and the community at
  large, is mandatory
• Funding mechanisms must be in place to support
  developmental activities within H.E. Institutions
• Quality has a cost and somebody has to pay the
  bill

47
NGO Regional InitiativeASQAE

• Arab Society for Quality Assurance in Education
  ASQAE
• ASQAE in an independent, not-for-profit NGO, not
  affiliated with nor financially supported by or
  officially representing any governmental body
• Established in Cairo, Egypt, under NGO Law
  84/2002
• Registered under 2558 on the 12th of February
  2006
• Website containing information on its history,
  structure, activities, membership, etc.
• www.asqae.net

48

• Thank you
• ?????