Stable Octets

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Stable Octets

• Why are the Noble Gases unreactive?

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The Noble Gases

• Elements in Group 8
• This means they have 8 valence electrons (He has
  2)
• There outermost electron shells are full.
• (He is still full)
• This is called a stable octet
• Full outershells NO REACTION!

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Stable Octets

• All other elements want to achieve stable octets.
• They want to BE like a Noble Gas.
• The Noble Gases are happy all by themselves, and
  the other elements want to be like this
• To do this the elements must either
• GIVE electrons or TAKE electrons.

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Charged Ions

• If an element GIVES away electrons, it will
  become positively charged. Why?
• If an element TAKES electrons, it will become
  negatively charged. Why?

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The Pool Analogy

• Your job is to clean pools. You must either
  completely fill or completely empty each pool.
  You have the choice.
• The pool will already have a level
• of water in it. Level 0 to 8.
• The pool is divided into 8 sections.
• To get the most pools empty or full,
• what are you going to do?

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

• Level 5 up Fill the pool GAIN
• Level 4 down Empty the pool GIVE

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Who Gives and Who Takes?
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

• Elements with 4 or less valence electrons will
  GIVE their electrons away.
• Elements with 5 or more valence electrons will
  TAKE electrons.
• Question If I am Calcium and I give away 2
  electrons, will I have more electrons or more
  protons? What does this mean?

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Cations and Anions

• An ion is an atom that has a charge.
• To GIVE away electrons positive charge
• CATION
• To TAKE electrons negative charge
• ANION

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LABORATORY SAFETY

• Safety in the Lab is very important. Strict rules
  must be followed at all times.

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• WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials
• Information System

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WHMIS

• A Compressed Gas
• B Combustible Material
• C Oxidizing Material
• D1 Seriously Toxic
• D2 Other Toxic
• D3 Biohazardous
• E Corrosive Material
• F Reactive Material

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Safety Assignment

• Due This Friday- Feb 27!!
• You will create a scenario in which there is a
  question of safety in the lab. You will ask the
  reader a question about the story created, and
  you will answer it using the proper safety rules
  discussed.
• Can be a written story, comic strip, cartoon etc.
• BE IMAGINATIVE!