UNIX

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UNIX

• UNIX is a command line operating system written
  in the C programming language.

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UNIX

• UNIX has been around for almost 30 years. That
  maturity brings a stable, mature high-end
  operating system available for servers and
  supercomputers

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UNIX

• UNIX was conceived in the early 1970s by ATT
  employees as an operating environment to provide
  services to software developers who were
  discouraged by the incompatibility of new
  computers and the lack of development tools for
  application development.

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UNIX

• After ATT was forced to abandon commercial
  computing as part of an antitrust settlement,
  ATTs UNIX was made available for free to the
  academic community.

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UNIX

• Because UNIX had been designed in a way that
  made it easy to port (move) to new hardware,
  colleges and universities that switched to UNIX
  were able to run a single operating system on all
  of their computers, even if their computers came
  from multiple manufacturers.

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UNIX

• Programmers at the University of California at
  Berkeley made significant modifications to the
  original source code and called it BSD (Berkeley
  Software Distribution) UNIX.

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UNIX

• They sent this new version of the UNIX
  environment to other programmers around the
  country, who then added tools and code as they
  saw fit. Possibly the most important advance made
  to the software by the programmers at Berkeley
  was the addition of networking software which
  allowed the operating system to function in a
  local area network (LAN).

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UNIX

• Sun Microsystems original version of UNIX, the
  Sun operating system was based on BSD UNIX
  Version 4.2. At that time, ATTs version of the
  UNIX environment was known as System V. In 1988,
  Sun OS/BSD, ATT System 3, and XENIX were
  combined into what became System V Release 4
  (SVR4).

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UNIX

• This new generation of the operating system was
  an effort to combine the best features of both
  BSD and ATT UNIX and create a kind of industry
  standard for the operating system.

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UNIX

• This enabled software to be developed for UNIX
  without concern as to whether it was System V or
  BSD 4.2. The new SVR4 became the basis for not
  only Sun and ATT versions of the UNIX
  environment, but also IBMs AIX, and
  Hewlett-Packards HP-UX.

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UNIX

• One of the things that UNIX systems are famous
  for is the interoperability they offer based on
  what some people have called the universal
  technical standards and protocols.

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UNIX

• UNIX is particularly desirable as a server
  platform for client/server computing because of
  the large range of platform sizes available and
  the huge base of application and development
  software available.

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UNIX

• Eventually UNIX spread into the business
  community, and pushed aside almost all
  proprietary mainframe and minicomputer operating
  systems.

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UNIX

• Even IBM and DEC ended up offering their own
  versions of UNIX as well as their proprietary
  operating systems.

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UNIX

• UNIX people are pretty fanatical when it comes
  to support of their favorite operating system,
  and there is pretty much only one way of doing
  thingstheir way or the highway.

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UNIX

• The UNIX file system (UFS) controls the way that
  information in files and directories is stored on
  disk and other forms of secondary storage. It
  controls which users can access what items and
  how. The file system is therefore one of the most
  basic tools for enforcing UNIX security on your
  system.

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UNIX
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UNIX

• Three shells are available in the typical UNIX
  environment

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UNIX
1) Bourne shell () The default shell for the
typical UNIX computing environment. The Bourne
shell was developed for the ATT System V.2 UNIX
environment. It is typically used by system
administrators.
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UNIX
2) Korn shell () A superset of the Bourne
shell. It has many of the Bourne shell features
plus added features. This is the industry
standard for normal system users.
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UNIX
3) C shell () A shell based on the C
programming language. Like the Korn shell, it has
additional features such as aliasing and history.
C shell was developed by Suns Bill Joy for
programmers, but is used with increasing
frequency by normal system users.
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UNIX
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UNIX
Following are some of the networking advantages
that UNIX Servers offer
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UNIX

• Telnet
• Administrators can Telnet into a remote host to
  perform routine administrative tasks. The
  administrator does not have to be sitting in
  front of the computer that requires the
  attention. This is also a cost savings, because a
  UNIX machine can be operated headless, without a
  keyboard or a monitor.

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UNIX

• Performance
• UNIX provides faster read/write operations than
  other operating systems. UNIX computers tend to
  operate for months or years without the need of a
  reboot. Crashes are rare. The number of reboots
  forced by configuration changes are minimal in a
  UNIX environment.

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UNIX

• Hardware
• Because the hardware has a longer life in the
  UNIX world, more drivers tend to be available and
  the network cards and other peripherals can be
  used for a longer period of time. This minimizes
  the investment in hardware upgrades.

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UNIX

• Automating Processes
• UNIX/Linux administrators are able to automate
  many of the processes of the operating system and
  of the applications by making use of shell
  scripting. A shell script is a program that the
  administrator can write to automate certain
  administrative tasks.

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UNIX

• Scalability
• Mainstream UNIX systems can take advantage of
  multiple motherboards that can handle from 2 to
  over 100 processors. High availability of these
  systems makes for almost 100 uptime.

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UNIX

• Sun Microsystems was the first company to use a
  windowing environment in conjunction with the
  UNIX operating system. In 1993, a consortium of
  UNIX platform vendors was formed to develop an
  integrated, standard, and consistent graphical
  user interface desktop environment.

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UNIX

• Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, and Sun
  Microsystems, along with many other companies and
  members of the OSF (Open Software Foundation),
  X/Open, and the X Consortium all came together to
  develop the Common Desktop Environment or CDE.

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UNIX

• The Common Desktop Environment (CDE)
• Is a graphical user interface (GUI) between the
  user and the operating system
• Provides built-in menus for users to select and
  run utilities and programs without using Solaris
  7 environment commands
• Enables users to control multiple documents or
  applications on the screen at the same time
• Controls activities in windows using both the
  mouse and the keyboard

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UNIX

• The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is part of
  the Common Operating System Environment (COSE,
  pronounced "cozy") agreement, one of many
  attempts at unifying the UNIX market. Although
  COSE itself never took off, CDE has achieved some
  success--most notably, all the major UNIX vendors
  agreeing on the Motif interface as the basis for
  the Common Desktop Environment.

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UNIX

• Despite its numerous advantages as a desktop and
  server operating system, UNIX never has been
  widely accepted in the general corporate world
  that favors DOS/Windows and Novell's NetWare. A
  key drawback to UNIX in the corporate arena has
  been the lack of a single UNIX standard.

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UNIX

• Although Windows dominates the corporate
  desktop, UNIX is still widely used as a server
  platform due to its strong performance and robust
  features. Business-critical servers must be able
  to deliver high-end features and run the
  company's transaction-based applications.

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UNIX

• UNIX has a well established position as the
  operating system of choice for distributed
  relational databases from vendors like Informix,
  Ingres, Oracle, and Sybase. Most of these
  vendors, however, will port their products to
  Windows NT as well. Any effort to reduce the
  problems associated with the multiple UNIX
  variants will do much to bolster the stature of
  UNIX as a worthwhile alternative to Windows NT.