The Kingdom Fungi

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The Kingdom Fungi

• Unit VI
• Chapter 21

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What are Fungi?

• Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell
  walls made of _________________________ (a
  carbohydrate)
• Fungi to not _______________________ their food,
  but rather digest food outside their bodies and
  then absorb it

FUNGI ARE NOT PLANTS!
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Structure Function of Fungi

• Except for yeasts, ALL fungi are
  _______________________________ and composed of
  tiny filaments called hyphae
• The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of
  many _______________ tangled together into a
  thick mass called a ___________________
• The mycelium is well suited to absorb food
• The _____________________________ is a
  reproductive structure that develops from a
  mycelium that grows below the surface of the
  ground

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Fungi Structure
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Reproduction in Fungi

• Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually
• Asexual
• In some fungi, spores are produced in structures
  called _________________________
• Sporangia are found at the tips of specialized
  hyphae called _________________________
• Sexual
• Sexual reproduction involves a ___________________
  __________ - a gamete-forming structure produced
  when the hyphae of opposing mating types of fungi
  meet

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Classification of Fungi

• Fungi are classified according to their structure
  and method of reproduction
• The 4 main groups of fungi are
• -
• -
• -
• -

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Zygomycota The Common Molds

• Zygomycetes are the familiar molds that grown on
  __________________________
• Ex Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold)

The rootlike hyphae that anchor the fungus to the
bread are called rhizoids The stem-like hyphae
that run along the surface of the bread are
called stolons
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Ascomycota The Sac Fungi

• The phylum Ascomycota is named for the ascus, a
  reproductive structure that contains spores
• Ascomycetes are the ____________________ phyum in
  the kingdom Fungi
• Some are large and some are microscopic
• Examples _____________________________________

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Sac Fungi
CUP FUNGI (visible to the eye)
YEASTS (microscopic)
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Basidiomycota The Club Fungi

• The phylum Basidiomycota gets its name from a
  specialized reproductive structure (called a
  basidium) that resembles a club
• Includes
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -
• -

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Diversity of Club Fungi
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Deuteromycota The Imperfect Fungi

• Deuteromycota is an extremely varied phylum
  composed of those fungi that are not placed in
  other phyla
• The term imperfect implies that these fungi do
  not appear to have _____________________
• Ex Penicillium notatum the source of
  antibiotic ___________________

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Fungi as Heterotrophs

• ALL FUNGI ARE _____________________
• Many are __________________, organisms that
  obtain food from decaying organic matter
• Some are ________________________ which harm
  other organisms
• Some are _________________________ that live in
  close and mutually beneficial association with
  other species

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Fungi as Decomposers

• Fungi are found in every ecosystem, where they
  recycle nutrients by breaking down the bodies and
  wastes of other organisms
• Without ____________________, the energy-rich
  compounds that organisms accumulate during their
  lifetime would be lost forever

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Fungi as Parasites

• __________________ fungi cause serious plant and
  animal diseases
• Mildews on fruit
• Wheat rust
• Athletes foot

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Symbiotic Fungi

• _____________________
• Symbiotic associations between a fungus and a
  photosynthetic organism
• Lichen can grow on dry, bare rock and are often
  the first organisms to inhabit an area
• The lichen break down the bare rock, allowing
  other plants to grow
• _____________________
• Symbiotic associations of plant roots and fungi
• Fungi increases the surface area of the plants
  roots
• Its presence is often necessary for the growth of
  many plants