Environmental Chemistry

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Environmental Chemistry

• Thermodynamics
• system surroundings
• system surroundings universe

Environmental Chemistry is the Chemistry of the
Surroundings
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Environmental Composition
Earths crust Soils Abundance Cd
0.1ppm 1ppm 65th Cu 50ppm 20ppm 26th Ni
80ppm 50ppm 23rd Tl 0.6ppm 0.2ppm 59th
Earths crust Aqueous Tl .7mg/kg 10 ng/L
as Ti(I) 20ug/L near coaling mining 3.5 mg/kg
near abandoned gold mine 20 mg/kg near areas of
Tl-rich minerals
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Environmental Composition
Species distribution
1. CO2(g) --gt CO2(aq)
2. CO2(aq) H2O --gt H2CO3
3. H2CO3 H2O --gt HCO3- H3O
4. H2CO3 H2O --gt HCO3- H3O
5. HCO3- H2O --gt CO3-2 H3O
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Chemical Processes

• Thermodynamics implies things are static,
  equilibrium has been reached.

In the broad sense, we consider four principle
compartments and the dynamic exchange between
them.

• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Terrestrial
• Biosphere

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Residence Time
t residence time steady amount in
atmosphere/flux (in or out)
t 1.3E16 kg / 4.96E17 kg/yr 0.0262 yr (9.6
days)
Flux in 4.23E17kg/yr 7.29E16kg/yr
4.96E17kg/yr
Flux out 3.86E17kg/yr 1.10E17kg/yr
4.96E17kg/yr
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Anthropogenic Effects
The affect of human activities

• Short Term disasters
• Long Term global warming

Cd natural 0.8ug/g in soils Sewage sludge 80
ug/g
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