Waste Reduction and Purchasing Policy

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• Waste Reduction and Purchasing Policy
• Conducting Waste Assessments and the Development
  of Waste Reduction Action Plans
•  
• This material was produced bythe Department of
  Environment and Conservation (NSW)in conjunction
  with Sustainable Learning Australasia Pty Ltd.

ISBN 174137 791 9 DEC 2006/18 January 2006
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Agenda

• Introduction to Session
• The WRAPP program
• Conducting a Waste Assessment
• Lunch
• Practical Session
• Analysing the Findings
• Developing your Waste ReductionAction Plan

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Why bother?

• What is your motivation?
• Why does NSW Government bother?

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Training Objectives

• Provide participants with an understandingof how
  to complete an office-based waste assessment
• Provide tools to assist you to develop effective
  WRAPP waste reduction plans
• Assist you to identify better ways to manage
  waste and reduce costs
• Plan to integrate waste reduction intowork
  practices

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The WRAPP Program

• WRAPP was established in 1997
• Covers paper, office equipment, vegetation,
  construction and demolition purchase and
  recycling
• In 1999, WRAPP extended to all StateOwned
  Corporations
• Progress reports every 2 years, 2001, 2003, 2005,
  2007 etc.

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WRAPP Whole-of-GovernmentProgress Report 2004

• Highlights
• 100 WRAPP reporting compliance by agencies and
  state owned corporationsin 2003
• The total amount of waste office paper generated
  by NSW government agencies fell
• The amount of paper recovered for recycling has
  increased
• The purchase of recycled content copy paper
  almost doubled
• Recycling rates for vegetation, construction and
  demolition waste were high.

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WRAPP Whole-of-GovernmentProgress Report 2004

• Areas for Improvement
• Recycling rates for cardboard packaging waste and
  used toner cartridges down to below 50
• The purchase of recycled content printing paper
  and toner cartridges also down, despite advances
  in product quality and performance.

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Link with WRAPP

• Agencies are required to develop and implement a
  WRAPP Plan to reduce wasteand increase purchase
  of recycledcontent materials
• Waste assessment process
• Assist in gathering data for theWRAPP report
• Developing effective Waste ReductionAction Plan
• Monitor progress for WRAPPcontinuous improvement

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The Systems Approach
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Paper Cardboard 2003 WRAPP
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Best Practice?
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Activity

• How would you define waste?

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Waste at Work

• Activity
• How is waste generated in your office?
• __________________________________________________
  _________________________
• __________________________________________________
  _________________________
• 2. What types of wastes are generated by these
  activities?
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________

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Broken cutlery plate scraps etc
Packaging card/plastics polystyrene
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Types of Waste Reported under WRAPP

• Office
• Copy paper
• Other office paper
• Cardboard
• Toner cartridges
• CPUs
• Computer monitors
• Vegetation
• Construction
• Demolition

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Others?

• Fit-outs
• Refurbishments
• Cleaning chemicals
• Organics
• Other electrical waste eg mobile phones
  televisions cabling

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• How much does waste cost you?

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Cost of Waste

• Inefficient/ inappropriate systems?
• Cost of wasted resources purchasing costs
• External collection disposal contractor
• Internal handling cleaning by staff and
  contractors
• Rental of space occupied by waste
• Consumables bins boxes bags

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The Real Cost of Waste

• 5 10 times the cost of disposal.

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Managing Waste
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Waste Streams at Work

• Waste streams refer to the way waste is managed
  eg.
• Cardboard recycling stream
• Paper recycling stream
• General waste stream
• Two important factors
• Acceptance criteria
• Has the acceptance criteria changed?Expanded?
• Contamination

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Activity

• Map the flow of waste in your office, note the
  types of waste and points of generation.
• Map from source to disposal.

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Internal systems Points of Collection
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External systems points of consolidation
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From one to the other?
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The Waste Flow

• During your waste assessment it is important to
  track waste from source (generation points) to
  final disposal
• Why do you think this is so?

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• It is important to understand the system in place
  and to be able to determine if the system is
  effective.

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Activity

• What are key objectives of an effective waste
  management system?

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Objectives of effective waste management systems

• Facilitate maximum segregation of divertible
  materials
• Ensure clean, non-contaminated streams
• Ensure management of waste in line with
  legislative requirements
• Safe
• Cost effective and efficient
• Consistent (by stream)

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What are the key elementsof an effective waste
management system?
Activity
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Elements of an effective system

• Containment
• Suited to the type of waste
• Of adequate capacity
• Safe to move/store
• Easy to handle
• Visible
• Distinctive colour coded by streamand signed
• Clean and in good repair

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Elements of an effective system

• Placement
• Point of generation
• Safe
• Easily accessible use and clearance
• Manage contamination
• Clearance
• Cleared to avoid overfilling
• Regular cleaning
• Replaced in same place

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Elements of an effective system

• User awareness
• Training sessions
• User awareness surveys
• Review
• Effectiveness
• Modifications actioned
• User input
• Contamination monitored

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What is a Waste Assessment?
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Definition

• A waste assessment is a visual analysis ofthe
  types and quantities of waste found inthe
  workplace.
• It will identify the main types of waste present
  waste streams and systems in place and give an
  idea of quantities generated and
  opportunitiesfor improvement.

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• A waste assessment identifies the low hanging
  fruit of waste management. Relatively easy to
  identify, yet providing real waste reduction
  opportunities.
• The process is about how to select options to
  ensure that ripe opportunities are picked

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• The Waste Assessment is one of a number of
  different types of waste audits
• Compliance
• Desktop
• Waste Assessment
• Physical Waste Audit

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• When / why would you choose to do a waste
  assessment versus a physical waste audit?

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Waste data

• The uninspected inevitably deteriorates
  President Dwight D. Eisenhower

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The Waste Assessment Process
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The Key Stages

• Planning
• Scope and objectives
• WRAPP Requirements
• OHS
• Information Gathering
• Site details
• Waste information
• Systems
• Costs
• Determine sample
• Site Analysis
• Gathering the data

• Analyse the findings
• Waste Profile
• Identify reasons for waste
• Identify opportunities
• Action Planning and reporting
• WRAPP report
• Prioritise actions
• Assign responsibilities and timing

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The Waste Assessment Process

• Relies on information provided by third parties,
  validated through the observations of the
  assessor
• Data/information can be supplemented by
• Industry waste audit data
• Previous waste assessments
• Case studies (ref WRAPP website)

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1. Planning
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Waste Assessment Scope

• Establishment and agreement of clear objectives
  and outcomes why are we doing this?
• Allocation of resources to accomplish these
• Timeframes
• Responsibilities

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Scoping Influences

• Waste Avoidance and ResourceRecovery strategy
• WRAPP
• Costs associated with currentmanagement systems
• Corporate policies/procedures
• OHS issues risk assessment
• Resource efficiency requirements
• Shareholders / stakeholders
• Available resources

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2. Information Gathering
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Site Specific

• Organisational information
• Site operational details
• Waste indicators
• EFT staff
• Square metres of floor area
• Size of facility
• Administrative e.g. contact details

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Document Current Systems in place

• Document each stream in place andmaterials
  accepted.
• May need to confirm with contractor to ensure up
  to date information.
• Specifically check what CANNOT be accepted
• Identify quantities generated by stream

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Waste Information

• Waste streams onsite quantities systems in
  place acceptance criteria/disposal pathway
• Types of waste expected
• Tonnes/volumes generated per annum (invoices)
• Contractor details and costs
• Legislative/compliance issues
• Current waste practices including
  avoidance/minimisation practices

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Team Activity

• Review the sample waste invoices provided
• What do they tell you?
• What information is not provided?

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Determining the Sample

• The waste assessment is a snap shot in time, but
  it should reflect the activities of the
  organisation.
• The sample you select must
• Represent all key activity areas withinyour
  office
• Should be an average day dont do your
  assessment on a Friday or Monday or during school
  holidays.
• Must be able to be linked to yourwaste
  indicators.

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• Review Forms A B C D and E

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3. Conducting the Site Analysis
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The Process

• Essentially a process of walking through your
  work area and documenting waste issues
• Types of wastes
• Quantities volume/number
• Systems
• Practices
• Visual process do not physically sort waste
• May require a number of visits and follow-up
  discussions

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Site Analysis Plan

• Before commencing your actual site analysis, map
  out your observation plan
• ensure your plan covers all key areas.ie. work
  stations kitchenettes function rooms
  photocopying/mail areas. Also include dock areas
  and cleaners areas.
• Visit areas when waste is likely to be present
  e.g. later in the day in terms of desk bins and
  evenings for dock practices.
• Do not advise staff of the waste assessment

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What are you looking for?

• What systems are currently in place?
• Are they effective?
• How do they work?
• What types of waste do we generate?
• How much?
• Where? When?
• Importantly.. WHY?
• Observe material flows and potential sources of
  waste not all waste will be visible

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Consistency of bins ?
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Are systems suitable?
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How effective is diversion?
Are the right bins in the right place?
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Are materials really being diverted?
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Are there opportunities to expandcurrent
recycling systems?
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Signage?
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Special Events e.g. clear-outs out-of-date
stock new branding/logo etc?
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Wasted Resources?
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Remember

• The site visit is key to the waste reduction
  plan. Ensure the visits cover the full waste
  profile and all key activities. This is your
  waste sample it must be representative

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Reviews Forms D E
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Team activity

• Develop a site analysis plan for the office you
  are visiting today
• Use forms D and E as a basis for your plan

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Items in the Waste Stream

• Always assume that all waste bags or containers
  may contain hazardous materials NEVER PLACE
  HANDS INTO A WASTE/RECYCLING CONTAINER.Never
  try to move a waste container

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Site Analysis Data

• For each area document waste observed and issues
  identified.
• Identify reasons for waste issuesie. WHY is
  paper in the general waste bins?
• Discuss findings/observations with employees
  cleaners etc. Gain their input on what they think
  of the systems if they are effective how they
  use them
• Identify possible corrective actions

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• Review Forms F G

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Important Points

• Confidentiality
• Mindful of peoples privacy
• Working area - stay together / quiet
• Engage people - be careful not to confrontor
  accuse
• Buy-in process we want a positive approach
• set-up not normal practices

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Practical Session

• Work in pairs, record your observations inthe
  forms provided.
• Use Forms F and G

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Review Workplace Exercise

• Note down in your work book any ideasfrom other
  teams.
• Discuss findings
• Discuss your process
• Discuss issues encountered problems/barriers

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Identifying Opportunities

• Are there opportunities to improve waste
  management practices?
• 3 key areas
• Improving systems already in place
• Implementing new recycling/diversion systems
• Reducing the quantity of waste generated

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Activity

• Each team to identify 3 opportunities to
  improvethe management of waste or reduce
  resource consumption in this office.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

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4. Analysing The Findings
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Waste Profile

• From the observations you should be able to
  develop a rough waste profile or picture of your
  waste stream
• Where you have recorded volume, for each stream,
  list the main components with estimates of
  approximate percentage (these will not be
  accurate they are to give an overall impression
  only)

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Example findings
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Example findings
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Data validation

• Does the information make sense?
• Is it typical of other government offices?
• Were any unexpected wastes observed?
• Were any expected wastes NOT observed?
• The analysis MUST relate back to the waste
  assessment scope

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Typical Office Building Total Wasteand Recycling
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Benchmarking

• How does your office compare?

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Benchmark
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Disposal Costs per m2/annum
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Potential cost savings associatedwith better
recycling
35,000
28,900
30,000
25,000
21,800
21,019
18,626
17,960
20,000
17,200
16,000
15,000
7,500
10,000
5,000
0
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2
3
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5
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BUILDINGS AUDITED BY DEC NSW
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What does it all mean?
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Solving the Why
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Key Causes the Why

• Systems
• Placement
• Capacity
• Access
• Education and awareness
• Signage
• Attitude
• Policies or practices
• Business processes

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Finding The Right Answer

• A sustainable and effective Waste Reduction
  Action Plan is dependent on identifying theright
  solutions
• What is really causing the waste to be generated?
  What is really leading to contamination/leakage
  of the recycling system?
• Root Cause

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Tools

• The Six Whys
• Waste/Resource Hierarchy
• Avoid reduce reuse
• Observation
• Different times/activities
• Interviews/conversations/focus groups
• Internal operators purchasing quality
  engineering
• External suppliers customers
• Research
• Alternative products/materials etc.

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The Six Whys

• This is one technique to try and reach theroot
  cause of a problem
• It involves a process of asking why, then
  challenging the answer and asking why again until
  you are sure you have arrived at theREAL cause
  of the problem.

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The Six Whys Check sheet

• Waste Issue______________________________________
  _________________________

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Basic Principles

• Never assume you know the answer
• Question everything you are told
• Validate conclusions first hand observation
• Observe behaviour at different times

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Identify Impacts of Change

• Understand key stakeholders and impacts
• Employees
• Cleaners
• Owners / building manager
• Waste contractors
• Safety
• Corporate image
• Environmental
• For each recommended action identify stakeholders
  and impacts.

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5. Waste Reduction Action Plan
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Goals and Objectives
The most important thing about having goals, is
having one Geoffrey F Albert
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Prioritising actions and conducting feasibility
analysis of recommendations
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Action Plan

• Issue Co-mingled material in desk-side
  binsTarget recycle 50

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Remember..Ensure appropriate approvals are
obtained before implementing any changes.
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Implementation

• Identify and access necessary resources
• People/equipment/information/capital
• Identify key stakeholders
• How will they be impacted by the planned action?
  How should this be managed? WRAPP Committee?

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Implementation

• Communicate, communicate, communicate
• Planned changes, reasons, progress, outcomes..
• Invite input from stakeholders

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Implementation

• Identify any training needs or other support
  requirements
• Create awareness of the change and promote
  benefits
• Assist acceptance take-up and compliance
• Involvement
• All stakeholders

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Key Points

• Think logically
• Approach change in planned, structured way
• Start at basics i.e. are the systems available?
  When will they be in place?
• Engage stakeholders
• It will take twice as long as you expect.

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Maintaining enthusiasm

• Absolutely essential
• Various techniques, need to use them at different
  times
• Team meetings
• Feedback on achievements
• Education and awareness programs
• Staff suggestion box
• Waste awareness notice board
• What else?

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Review Program

• Need to monitor WRAPP progress
• Did the actions deliver the anticipated benefits?
  
• Remember SMART targets
• Review and update targets
• Document findings/outcomes
• Reporting/benchmarking
• The Waste Reduction Action Plan is a working
  document, NOT static
• Schedule regular waste assessments
• Measure actual performance i.e. waste
  generated/landfilled to occupied square metres.

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Further Resources and Support

• Further information on the WRAPP Program can be
  obtained from the Sustainability Programs
  Division, Department of Environment and
  Conservation (NSW).
• Contact Details
• Telephone Project Officers [phone] and
  8837 6034
• Switchboard [phone]
• Email Wrapp_at_environment.nsw.gov.au
• Internet www.wrapp.nsw.gov.au

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In Conclusion

• If you think you are too small to be
  effective,youve never been in bed with a
  mosquito