Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy

1
Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy

• Why Biofuels and Bioenergy
• Executive Order S-06-06
• Biofuel/Bioenergy Production and Use
• Executive Order S-01-07
• Low-Carbon Fuel Standard
• Strategic Directive 9.2
• Encourage development of alternative energy and
  bio-fuels
• Strategic Directive 9.3
• Play an active role in Bioenergy Interagency
  Working Group
• Climate Change Implications

2
What Are Biofuels

• Biofuels
• Renewable fuels produced from biomass resources
  to make liquid or gas fuel
• Ethanol
• Biodiesel
• Compressed or Liquid Natural Gas
• Hydrogen
• Dimethyl Ether (diesel-like fuel
• Biobutanol

3
Feedstock for Biofuels and Bioenergy

• Forest and Agricultural Biomass
• Urban Biomass
• Biomass fraction of MSW
• Landfill Gas

4
Biomass Resources in California

• Gross resources are 80 billion bone dry tons
  annually
• Three principal resources are agriculture,
  forestry, and waste
• Forestry in northern and central mountains
• Agriculture in Central Valley
• Waste in Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay Area

Source California Biomass Collaborative
5
Waste Characterization in California

• 42 million tons disposed in 2005
• 23 million tons biological in origin
• 5.7 million tons plastic and textiles

6
Post-MRF Residuals

• Targeted Feedstock
• Single-Stream - 496,000 Tons
• Multi-Stream - 35,931 Tons
• Mixed Waste - 6.7 Million Tons
• Construction and Demolition - 161,736 Tons

7
Available Residuals Single Stream (496,000 Tons)
8
Available Residuals Multi Stream (35,931 Tons)
9
Available Residuals Mixed Waste (6.7 Million
Tons)
10
Available Residuals CD (161,736 Tons)
11
Biofuels/Bioenergy Production

• Thermochemical Processes
• Pyrolysis
• Very little air/oxygen added or none at all
• 750o F to 1500o F
• Gasification
• Some air/oxygen used but less than for
  incineration
• Begins at 1300o F

12
Biofuels/Bioenergy Production

• Biochemical Processes
• Anaerobic Digestion
• Bacteria breaks down feedstock
• No oxygen
• Fermentation
• Also anaerobic process
• Microbes used to produce ethanol

13
Major Technology Types and Status
14
Operating Facilities

• Biochemical
• Predominantly anaerobic digestion in Europe
• Installed capacity in 2000 1.1 million TPY
• Installed capacity in 2004 2.8 million TPY
• 250 increase!!!
• Thermal
• Gasification and Waste-to-Energy in Japan

15
AD Capacity in Europe
Solid Waste Anaerobic Digester Capacity in Europe
16
AD Facilities

• Kompogas (Switzerland)
• Arrow Bio (Israel)
• DRANCO (Belgium)
• Valorga (France)
• BTA (Germany)
• Biopercolat (Germany)
• CiTec (Finland)
• Linde-KCA (Germany)

17
Hydrolysis/Fermentation Facilities

• BlueFire Ethanol
• Masada Oxynol
• Genahol/Waste-to-Energy
• BRI

18
DOE cellulosic biorefinery commercialization
awards

• Abengoa Bioenergy Kansas
• Alico(BRI technology) - Florida
• BlueFire - California
• Broin South Dakota
• Iogen - Idaho
• Range Fuels - Georgia