Behaviourism

1
Behaviourism

• Johnny D is very creative he loves playing the
  guitar, the drums and singing. In fact he loves
  anything involved in producing music. Why is
  making music such a strong desire for Johnny?

2
Behaviourism

• Step 1
• Think of the effects, outcomes and rewards that
  Johnny receives or experiences through making and
  playing music.
• TASK 1
• Make a List of these effects, outcomes and
  rewards.

3
Behaviourism

• Remember the Golden Rule
• Engage with the source material.

4
Behaviourism

• In groups / pairs answer the following Approaches
  question
• A) Describe how Johnnys desire to make music and
  be creative might be explained by the behavioural
  approach.

5
Behaviourism

• In groups / pairs answer the following approaches
  question.
• B) Assess the behavioural explanation of the
  desire to be creative in terms of its strengths
  and limitations.

6
Behaviourism

• In groups / pairs answer the following approaches
  question.
• C) How might the desire to be creative be
  investigated by the behavioural approach?

7
Behaviourism

• In groups / pairs answer the following approaches
  question.
• D) Evaluate the use of this method of
  investigating the desire to be creative.

8
Behaviourism

• Behaviourists rule out motivation, free will,
  intelligence and other possible causes.
• WHY?

9
Behaviourism

• Classical Conditioning
• Examples
• Pavlovs dogs Little Albert
• Neutral Stimulus Conditioned
• Conditioned Stimulus Response

10
Behaviourism

• Formula
• US (Food) UR (Salivation)
• NS (Bell) CR (No response)
• NS US paired in time
• NS is now CS (Bell) Salivation (CR)

11
Behaviourism

• Put together a formula for a fear of balloons!

12
Behaviourism

• Operant Conditioning
• Operants are actions controlled by the
  consequences that immediately follow.
• Examples of Operants are
• Talking, Walking, Reading and Writing.

13
Behaviourism

• Operant Conditioning - is the process by which
  behaviours are strengthened by reinforcement
  following the actions.
• Positive reinforcement Involves events /
  objects that strengthen the actions that
  immediately follow.

14
Behaviourism

• Reinforcers are defined by their effects, not by
  how we assume they will work.
• E.g. A teacher asks pupils to Sit Down!.
• Does not always have the desired effect
• Instead it strengthened what they were doing at
  that time. Which was wandering around!
• In fact the more the teacher told them to sit
  down the more often they left their seats!

15
Behaviourism

• Punishment Usually produces undesirable
  emotional behaviours, which is why behaviourists
  avoid it.
• Shaping Gradually produces new behaviours by
  the reinforcement of actions that most resemble
  the target behaviour.

16
Behaviourism

• Explain how a mother uses shaping to develop her
  babys speech.
• Think of the target behaviour first.
• What is it?
• How does the mother go about achieving the target
  behaviour?

17
Behaviourism

• Explain how shaping assists an infant learning to
  ride a bike.
• Think of the target behaviour first.
• What is it?
• How does the infant learn to ride the bike
  through shaping and nature?

18
Behaviourism

• Social Learning Theory (SLT)
• Example Banduras Bobo Doll
  Experiment.
• We learn through indirect (vicarious) rewards as
  well as through direct rewards.