Definitions

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Definitions
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Interpretation of graphs
y-axis or response axis
x-axis or explanatory axis
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Scientific notation

• Writing out very large and small numbers is
  annoying
• Fortunately, scientific notation can be used
  instead
• For example 0.000000000019 can be written
  1.9x10-11 or 1.9E-11
• 14300000000000 can be written 1.43x1013 or 1.43E13

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Prefixes

• nano 1x10-9
• micro 1x10-6
• milli 1x10-3
• centi 1x10-2
• kilo 1x103
• mega 1x106
• giga 1x109
• tera 1x1012
• peta 1x1015

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Orders of magnitude

• An order of magnitude refers to a change by a
  power of 10
• So increasing 150 by one order of magnitude
  yields 1500
• Decreasing 150 by one order of magnitude yields
  15
• Very useful for logarithms

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Logarithms

• Log561.748
• This is called log base 10 and is the power to
  which 10 must be raised in order to get 56
• More generally loganx
• Where x is the power to which a must be raised in
  order to obtain n

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Natural logarithms

• The natural logarithm is ln
• ln564.025 and is the power to which e must be
  raised in order to get 56
• Where e is a universal mathematical constant
• About 2.718
• Log base 10 and natural logs are the most
  commonly used logs

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Units

• In the Systeme International (SI) there are four
  elemental dimensions that are defined with the
  following units
• Mass kg
• Length m
• Time s
• Temperature K
• Degrees C K 273.15
• Degrees F C(9/5) 32

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More units

• Newton, the unit of force, named after Isaac
  Newton, who invented physics. Newton said that
  force mass x acceleration

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And more units

• Joule, the unit of energy or work. Named after
  James Prescott Joule, who proved that the law of
  conservation of energy is true. The Joule is a N
  m, or a force applied over a distance.

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Units continued

• The Watt is the unit of power, or energy per
  time. Named after James Watt, the man who
  invented the first practical steam engine

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The last unit

• Pascal, the unit of pressure. Named after Blaise
  Pascal, who conducted research on fluid pressure
  and invented the field of mathematical
  probability. Pressure is force per unit area

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Dimensional analysisunit conversion
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Greek alphabet

• Commonly used as symbols in mathematical
  equations
• These are just a few commonly used letters