Immunity and Disease

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Chapter 7

• Immunity and Disease

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Immune System

• A complex group of defenses that your body has in
  order to protect itself from invading organisms

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First Line Defenses

• Those the pathogens (disease causing organisms)
  first meet
• Skin
• Respiratory System
• Nose hairs, mucus
• Digestive System
• Stomach acid, saliva, mucus, enzymes
• Circulatory System
• White blood cells

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Inflammation

• When tissue is damaged or infected by pathogens
• Redness, increase temperature
• Swelling
• pain

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Immunity

• Specific Immunity
• Use certain chemicals to fight antigens
  (molecules foreign to body)
• Chemicals called antibodies (a protein)
• Active Immunity
• Body makes own antibodies in response to invasion

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Passive Immunity

• Anitbodies produced in another animal and
  introduced into your body
• Not long lasting
• Tetanus- need every 10 years
• Paralyzes muscles

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Vaccination

• Give a vaccine by injection or by mouth
• Form of antigen to give you active immunity
• Your body forms antibodies

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Infectious Diseases

• Disease caused by virus, bacterium, protist, or
  fungus that spread from infected organism, to
  environment, to another organism
• Plague, smallpox, influenza

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• Louis Pasteur
• Discovered microorganisms can cause disease
• Invented pasteurization
• Heat liquid to certain temp to kill bacteria

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Disease Organisms

• Bacteria
• Reproduce rapidly
• Body has perfect
• conditions for them
• Viruses
• Small piece of genetic material surrounded by
  protein
• Arguable if alive or not
• Multiplies in host cells

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Avoiding Sickness

• WASH HANDS
• Into late 1800s more patients died from the
  surgery than from the disease
• Watch for biological vectors
• Disease carrying organisms
• Mosquitos, rats, birds, ticks

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• STDs
• Contracted from sexual activity
• Person can have disease before symptoms show
• Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes, AIDS

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Noninfectious Diseases

• Chronic diseases can last a long time
• Allergies
• Overly strong reaction of immune system to a
  foreign substance
• Caused by allergens like dust, pollen, mold
• Body form antibodies and histamines

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Diabetes

• Problems with the pancreas producing insulin
• Insulin helps sugar get into cells
• High sugar levels can cause blurred vision,
  kidney, failure, heart attack, stroke,
• Must carefully monitor food, sugar levels,
  exercise

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Chemicals

• With prolonged contact, some can cause disease
• Bronchitis, emphysema, cancer

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Cancer

• Uncontrollable growth of cells
• Can be in any tissue or organ
• Cells can travel
• Some Causes
• Smoking
• Carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals)
• X-rays
• Radiation
• UV light

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Cancer Treatment

• Chemotherapy
• Chemicals to kill cells
• Radiation
• Trying to target cancer cells

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Preventing Cancer

• Know warning signs
• Problems with bowel or bladder
• Sore that doesnt heal
• Problems swallowing
• Change in wart or mole
• Life choices
• Dont smoke
• Healthy diet
• Sunscreen
• Avoiding chemicals

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